the topic. The students were given different topic for five meetings. On the other hand, the controlled group was taught by using regular teaching method. Here, the
writer just explained about descriptive text then gave a text. After that, they read the text and try to answer the questions. And the last, the post test was
adminitered to examine the result of the effectivness of using K-W-L chart n improving students’ reading comprehension of descriptive text.
C. Population and Sample
Population is the larger group to which the researcher would like the results of a study to be generalizable The Population of this research is eighth grade
students of MTs. Daarul Hikmaah Pamulang in academic year 20162017. There are nine classes that consist of 225 students. Because the number of population
was so big, the writer considered to take sample for collecting data. The writer determined the sample used purposive sampling.
Purposive sampling is a technique to choose the member from the population based on certain purposes. In other words, the sample is taken on the
basis of the judgment of their typically or possession of the paricular characteristics being sought.
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Therefore, the writer took the class sample based on teacher’s judgment. According to the teacher, there are two classes basically have
the same characteristic and have the same average achievment. Those classes were VIII.H and VIII. I that Consist of 22 in each class.
D. Instrument of the Study
The instument of the study is multiple choice and matching task. The items would have 15 multiple choice question and 10 matching task question. Before
the writer does the research, first she create grid of test item, grid was arranged based on standard competence and basic competence which has been determine.
The grid was to make the items of the test appropriate with the criteria of the research. The table of the test instument may be seen in the appendix. Then, the
writer collected the data by giving pre-test and post-test.Pre-test was given before
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Prof. Dr. Sugiyono, Statistika untuk Penelitian, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2012 p.68
the writer teaches on both of class experimental class and controlled class and post-test was given at the end of the reserach.In order to get a good instrument, it
would be continuouslly tested through validity and reliability test. A valid test measures and accurately reflect what it was designed to
measure. According to Brown, validity is the extent to which inferences made from assessment results are appropiate, meaningful, and useful in terms of the
purpose of the assessment.
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Validity is related to knowing the exact purpose of an assessment and designing an instrument that meets that purposes.
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So, before this instrument is applied to the students as the sample of the this study, the instrument
would be tested to students in different class in the same grade. The writer took two classes, VIII E and VIII F.The analysis of this instrument was done to see the
validity using the formula of item analysis in test using Statistical Package for the Social ScienceSPSSversion 22. To compute data, the steps were as follows:
a. Open the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 b. Go to variable view and fill in the columns as follows.
1 Name Write Q.1 for question number 1 untill Q.35 for question number 35
2 Type column was numeric 3 Width column is filled 8
4 Decimal change this row frow 2 to 0 5 Label column was left blank
6 Value column is none 7 Missing column is none
8 Column is 8 9 Align column is right
10 Measure coulumn is unknown 11 Role coulumn is filled with input
c. Click Data View, in each Q column, compute 1 to correct answer and 0 to incorrect answer.
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H. Douglas Brown, Language Assessmentnew York: Longman, 2004, p. 22
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JoAnne Schudt Caldwell, Comprehension Assessment, New York: The Guilford Press, 2008, p.29
