Previous Study THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

objective manner. 1 Muijs stated that quasi-experimental research is especially suited to looking at the effects of an educational intervention, such as a school improvement program, project to improve a specific element. 2 Meanwhile, Sugiyono also states, quantitative method is defined as a method that aims to investigate a certain population or sample, involves an instument to collect the data and analyzes it quantitatively in order to test the formulated hyphotesis. 3 Generally, this quasi-experimental design collect numerical data must be analyzed matematically to explain cause and effect. In experimental research, the researcher manipulates at least one independent variable, controlled other relevant variables, and observes the effect on one or more dependent variables. Independent variable of this research was referred to K-W-L chart, while the dependent variable was referred to reading comprehension. Morever, the procedure of conducting this design was dividing the samples into two groups. In this case, the students were grouped into experimental and controlledlededed class.the experimental class was given the material in the learning process by conducting K-W-L chart as the treatment, while the controlledlededed class was not given the treatment or in other word theytaught as usual by using conventional teaching that is lecture through printed material. Furthermore, it is necessary to get initial data o f students’ reading comprehension, so the writer conduct the pre-test for both classes. Then, treatments were also conducted in order to get significant result when comparing two groups. During the treatments, the experimental classfill the column Know K to recall their prior knowledge about the topic, then they list some questions in column Want W about information that they want to know. Afer that, they have a descriptive text from the writer and a long the reading process they might search the answer of listing question. Then, they could fill the column Learned L with the new information. At the end, they answered some question relared 1 John W. Cresswell, Educational Research, Unted States: Pearson: 2008 p. 46 2 Daniel Muijs, Doing Quantitative Research Education, London: SAGE Publications, Ltd, 2004, p.27. 3 Prof. Dr. Sugiyono, MetodePenelitianPendidikan,Bandung: Alfabeta, 2013, p.50 the topic. The students were given different topic for five meetings. On the other hand, the controlled group was taught by using regular teaching method. Here, the writer just explained about descriptive text then gave a text. After that, they read the text and try to answer the questions. And the last, the post test was adminitered to examine the result of the effectivness of using K-W-L chart n improving students’ reading comprehension of descriptive text.

C. Population and Sample

Population is the larger group to which the researcher would like the results of a study to be generalizable The Population of this research is eighth grade students of MTs. Daarul Hikmaah Pamulang in academic year 20162017. There are nine classes that consist of 225 students. Because the number of population was so big, the writer considered to take sample for collecting data. The writer determined the sample used purposive sampling. Purposive sampling is a technique to choose the member from the population based on certain purposes. In other words, the sample is taken on the basis of the judgment of their typically or possession of the paricular characteristics being sought. 4 Therefore, the writer took the class sample based on teacher’s judgment. According to the teacher, there are two classes basically have the same characteristic and have the same average achievment. Those classes were VIII.H and VIII. I that Consist of 22 in each class.

D. Instrument of the Study

The instument of the study is multiple choice and matching task. The items would have 15 multiple choice question and 10 matching task question. Before the writer does the research, first she create grid of test item, grid was arranged based on standard competence and basic competence which has been determine. The grid was to make the items of the test appropriate with the criteria of the research. The table of the test instument may be seen in the appendix. Then, the writer collected the data by giving pre-test and post-test.Pre-test was given before 4 Prof. Dr. Sugiyono, Statistika untuk Penelitian, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2012 p.68