© ISO 2007 - all rights reserved
31
b Waste
1430 An organization should minimize the generation of waste. This requires an understanding of the
1431 organizations wastes and emissions, and the implementation of plans for reduction based on assessment
1432 of risk and community needs. It is important to consider the waste reduction hierarchy, not just waste
1433 treatment. [The waste hierarchy is: i source reduction, ii reuse, iii recycle, iv waste treatment and v
1434
waste disposal.] 1435
c Toxic and hazardous substances
1436 Chemicals are found everywhere and affect our quality of life. Large quantities of toxic and hazardous
1437 materials are produced andor released to the environment from use in manufacturing, energy generation,
1438 agriculture, commerce and households. In nature and through all ecosystems, these substances can affect
1439 plant and animal development and growth. They can cause reproductive changes, birth defects,
1440 behavioural changes and death. Some are suspected or known to cause adverse effects on human health,
1441 such as cancer or endocrine disruption.
1442 [Adopted by the International Conference on Chemicals Management ICCM on 6 February 2006 in Dubai,
1443 United Arab Emirates, the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management SAICM is a policy
1444 framework for international action on chemical hazards. SAICM was developed by a multi-stakeholder and
1445 multi-sectoral Preparatory Committee .The Strategic Approach supports the achievement of the goal
1446 agreed at the 2002 Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development WSSD of ensuring that, by
1447 the year 2020, chemicals are produced and used in ways that minimize significant adverse impacts on the
1448 environment and human health.]
1449 Drafters note: Should the following table be retained with explanation or deleted?
1450
[Chemicals in daily life]
1451 Exposure Path
Source Food
Fertilizers, pesticides, packaging, and food additives Clothing
Synthetic fibres, dyestuffs, textile auxiliaries Health
Pharmaceuticals, disinfectants Hygiene
Soaps, detergents, cosmetics, insecticides Shelter
Building and finishing materials Energy
Fuel, chemicals, water, recreation 1452
6.5.4.2 Related actions andor expectations 1453
a Reducing emissions to air and water
1454 An organization should:
1455
[Identify, measure, record and report its significant emissions to air and effluents to water;] 1456
Establish, implement and report on an air and water pollutant minimization programme to achieve
1457 effluent and emissions levels below legal thresholds; and
1458
Specify targets and report about performance relating to minimizing emissions to air and water, 1459
considering guidelinesstandards, benchmarks and best practices. These should be based on: 1460
Legal provisions of countries with more ambitious legal emission and effluent limits compared
1461 to the host country of the organization;
1462
32
© ISO 2007 - all rights reserved
Criteria contained in voluntary eco-labelling schemes; and
1463
Public procurement guidelines establishing sustainability criteria. 1464
1465
b Reducing waste
1466 An organization should:
1467
[Identify, measure, record and report its significant waste streams;] 1468
Establish a waste separation system, where, as a minimum, basic waste fractions are separated;
1469
Establish a strategy for waste handling and minimization that prioritizes waste management options 1470
[according to the waste reduction hierarchy] and report performance; 1471
Provide for the sound management of waste sites; and
1472
Assess previously contaminated sites, report them to authorities and remediate them according to 1473
regulation or best practice. 1474
1475
Box 4 [Title to be added]
1476 Over the past decade, battery manufacturers, partly in response to public concerns and legislation, have
1477 implemented solutions to environmental problems. Efforts have touched on every stage of the product life
1478 cycle:
1479
Redesign – Redesigning their products to reduce or eliminate use of toxic constituents. 1480
Reuse – Producing more rechargeable batteries each year, relative to the number of non-rechargeable
1481 batteries produced.
1482
Recycling – In some countries, collecting and recycling used rechargeable batteries. 1483
1484 1485
c Reducing use of toxic and hazardous materials [Responsible management of chemicals]
1486 Key actions for the management of toxic substances include the introduction of safer production measures,
1487 product stewardship programmes, awareness and emergency preparedness
2
. An organization should, 1488
where relevant: 1489
Avoid the use of extremely or highly hazardous pesticides as defined by the World Health
1490 Organization classification;
1491
Avoid the use of chemicals classified as ozone-depleting by the Montreal Protocol 54 [and persistent 1492
organic pollutants POPs as listed in the Stockholm Convention 72, the Aarhus Protocol 1, or the 1493
Rotterdam Convention 71; 1494
Avoid the use of chemicals of concern, such as substances defined as carcinogenic, mutagenic, toxic
1495 to reproduction, persistent and bio-accumulative. Where such substances need to be used because no
1496 feasible alternative exists, this should be justified and reported [to interested parties];
1497
1.
2
See 77 dealing with industrial accidents, which often go hand in hand with natural disasters.
© ISO 2007 - all rights reserved
33
[Regularly review chemicals used and develop a program to establish that substances of concern are 1498
identified for elimination and replaced by less dangerous substances or technologies where suitable 1499
economically and technically viable alternatives are available, taking into account the precautionary 1500
principle;] 1501
Regularly review the use of chemicals proposed for phasing out for example, blacklists published by
1502 governments or calls for bans by consumer, health or environmental organizations;
1503
Develop a response containing a schedule for substitution of the chemical or a justification for its 1504
continued use; 1505
Assess and report the human health and environmental hazardsrisks of the chemicals used, taking
1506 into account their full life cycle and having regard to relevant human population groups and possibly to
1507 certain vulnerable sub-populations; and
1508
Maintain a register of all dangerous chemicals, including the amounts used for each purpose, and 1509
make this register publicly available. 1510
1511
[Box 5 Product stewardship
1512 Product stewardship is a product-oriented approach to environmental protection. It calls on those involved
1513 in the product life cycle - manufacturers, retailers, users and disposers - to share responsibility for reducing
1514 the environmental impacts of products.
1515 See also US Environmental Protection Agency product stewardship website:
http:www.epa.govepr ]
1516 1517
6.5.5 Environmental issue 2: Promoting sustainable consumption and production
