34
© ISO 2007 - all rights reserved
economic savings through improvements in efficiency of production. Cleaner production implies a 1542
precautionary approach as set out by the Rio Declaration of 1992. A key element of a precautionary 1543
approach is the idea that prevention is better than cure. 1544
For production processes, cleaner production results from one or a combination of conserving raw 1545
materials, water and energy, eliminating toxic and dangerous raw materials and reducing the quantity and 1546
toxicity of all emissions and wastes at source during the production process. 1547
For products, cleaner production aims to reduce the environmental, health and safety impacts of products 1548
over their entire life cycles, from raw materials extraction, through manufacturing and use, to the ultimate 1549
disposal of the product. 1550
For services, cleaner production implies incorporating environmental concerns into designing and delivering 1551
services. 1552
b Environmental risk 1553
[Risk-based approaches consider both the intrinsic hazard of a substance, as well as the potential for 1554
exposure and the implementation of appropriate risk management strategies to reduce or control 1555
exposure.] 1556
c Life cycle [approach] [thinking]
1557 A fundamental framework in the field of environmental protection through sustainable production and
1558 consumption approaches is that of life cycle management LCM. [LCM is for organizations that have
1559 adopted a strategy expressing a wish to produce or trade or provide products and services that are
1560 sustainable, to improve public image, visibility and general relations to stakeholders and to work towards
1561
being a sustainable operation.] 1562
d Eco-efficiency and eco-design 1563
Editing Committee note: Drafters to add description. 1564
e [Green purchasing][Green procurement][Supply chains] 1565
[Broader than green procurement with its environmental focus, sustainable procurement refers to the 1566
process in which an organization should purchase supplies or services by taking into account the 1567
sustainability of the product throughout its entire life cycle] 1568
f [Product-service systems]
1569 Editing Committee note: Drafters to add description.
1570
g Consumer role and related policies
1571 Editing Committee note: Drafters to add description.
1572
6.5.5.2 Related actions andor expectations 1573
a Cleaner production
1574 Editing Committee note: Drafters to add description
1575
© ISO 2007 - all rights reserved
35 Editing Committee note: This box seems to be misplaced here, as it is not related to cleaner production and
1576 it was not clear where, if anywhere, it belongs in the document.
1577 1578
Box 6 Safer production
1579 This refers to a production management approach for accident prevention that comprises the promotion of
1580 process and management safety measures, establishing and harmonizing emergency plans and
1581 procedures, and communicating safety information to all stakeholders along the value chain. Safer
1582 Production objectives include the prevention of accidents in manufacturing, storage, handling and end-use
1583 of hazardous substances that may pose risks to communities and the environment. The responsible
1584 organization will promote Safer Production, among others by:
1585
Fostering of a safety culture; 1586
Pursuing a value-chain approach; and
1587
Advancing integration between health and safety and environmental considerations in addressing 1588
accident risk reduction and preparedness for emergencies combining the scope of ISO 14001 and 1589
OHSAS 18001 with regard to Emergency Preparedness and Response. 1590
1591 1592
Drafters note: Should the following section on environmental risk be retained or deleted? 1593
b [Environmental risk]
1594 [An organization should implement programmes to assess and to reduce both direct and indirect
1595 environmental risks. These risks may arise from the organizations activities, use of raw materials, products
1596 and services. The programmes should include processes to identify hazards, including human factors. The
1597 organization should identify those risks that are considered beyond its control for example, a supplier over
1598 whom the organization has little control or influence.]
1599 [An organization should assess the environmental performance of products and services taking into
1600 account the full life cycle. Such assessments should be made publicly available. An organization should not
1601 launch goods or services without having performed an independent third party environmental risk
1602 assessment. When new materials andor production methods such as nanotechnology or genetic
1603 engineering are used, the full documentation of the risk assessment should be made publicly available. The
1604 organization should not launch goods or services where a significant proportion of the population has
1605 expressed strong reservations or even opposition, for example, genetically modified food. The organization
1606 should make use of eco-label criteria for benchmarking – both by registering products under such eco-label
1607 schemes andor by using eco-label criteria for benchmarking.]
1608 The scope of the assessment should include product development, manufacturing, marketing and
1609 distribution, through to use, possible misuse, recycling and disposal].
1610 [With respect to assessing uncertainty, a number of useful tools are available to gather information on the
1611 potential issues and impacts associated with technological, process, planning and managerial changes,
1612 such as:
1613
Environmental risk assessment – establishes the potential for unintended environmental damage 1614
alongside other risks; 1615
Life cycle assessment LCA – explores the opportunities for more environmentally benign inputs and
1616 outputs in product and process development;
1617
Environmental impact assessment – confirms that impacts of development projects are within 1618
acceptable levels; and 1619
Strategic environmental assessment - confirms that impacts of policies and plans are taken into
1620 account and mitigated.]
1621
36
© ISO 2007 - all rights reserved
c Life cycle [approach] thinking
1622 An organization should:
1623
Follow a systematic application of life cycle thinking to provide more sustainable goods and services, 1624
by managing the total life cycle of the organization’s products; and 1625
Use LCM to facilitate the links between the economic, social and environmental dimensions within the
1626 organization.
1627
d Eco-efficiency and eco-design 43
1628 An organization should:
1629
[Identify, measure, record and report its material consumption;] 1630
Establish, implement and report against a material consumption minimization programme - covering
1631 products and services of the organization - to achieve a material consumption corresponding to the
1632 state-of-the-art; and
1633
Record and report material performance to allow for comparisons between organizations and to 1634
monitor the progress of the organization over time. 1635
e Green purchasing [Green procurement] [Supply chains] 1636
An organization should purchase supplies or services taking into account throughout the entire life cycle of 1637
the goods: 1638
Value for money: considerations such as price, quality, availability and functionality;
1639
Environmental considerations such as resource efficiency during production and consumption, 1640
emissions levels and climate change impact of the procured good or service; 1641
Social aspects including poverty eradication, international equity in the distribution of resources, labour
1642 conditions and fair trade; and
1643
Options for partnering, supporting and co-operating with suppliers to promote environmental quality 1644
and efficiency. 1645
1646 Drafters note: Should the following be retained, deleted or combined with the subclause on Life Cycle
1647 Thinking Approach
1648
f [Product-service systems]
1649 [An organization wanting to advance environmental responsibility through Product-Service Systems PSS
1650 should:
1651
Shift its business focus from only designing and selling physical products to selling a system of 1652
products and services that are jointly capable of fulfilling specific client demands; 1653
Introduce innovations that reduce material use, and therefore environmental impact, by decoupling
1654 revenues from material flows and increasing resource productivity; and
1655
Follow a coordinated approach involving groups of stakeholders, with partnering and a strong 1656
involvement of clients and customers, in designing integrated solutions that also promote extended 1657
producer responsibility for environmental impacts through the life cycle of the product and 1658
accompanying service.] 1659
© ISO 2007 - all rights reserved
37 1660
[Box 7 Types of product-service systems 1661
[Product-oriented services, which include product extension service, where the value of a product is 1662
increased through additional services for example upgrading, repair, guarantees, financing schemes, 1663
supply of consumables, etc. and advice and consultancy concerning the most efficient use of the product. 1664
Use-oriented services, which include product lease, product renting or sharing, product pooling similar to 1665
renting and sharing, but with a simultaneous use of the product and pay-per-service the user does not buy 1666
the product anymore, but buys the output of the product according to the use level, for example the pay-per 1667
print formulas now adopted by most copier producers. 1668
Result-oriented services, which include a functional result. Here the provider agrees with the client to 1669
deliver a result that is not related to a specific technology system. Examples are pest control service 1670
instead of pesticides, delivery of a “pleasant climate” instead of selling heating or cooling equipment.] 1671
1672
g Consumer role and related policies
1673 An organization should consider the role of the consumer in the production and consumption cycle and its
1674 own role in influencing consumer behaviour. Communications and advertising strategies can enable
1675 consumers to consume differently by offering sustainable choices. An organization may choose to promote
1676 sustainable products to create new business opportunities.
1677
6.5.6 Environmental issue 3: Sustainable resource use
