This is the other points that according to Jespersen about imperative:
32
Imperatives are often used in such a way that no real request is meant: the hearer or reader is only asked to imagine some condition, and then the consequence is
stated:
33
See deep enough, and you see musically. It means that this kind of imperative is not used to command people and
this is not used in the classroom. This kind makes imperative richer than people see before that imperative only show command or request.
In sum up, imperative has some types. Begin from command, request, and another kind. Every kind has its own rule and function. It depends on the
situation, to whom we speak and how many persons who involve in speech.
B. Total Physical Response
1. The Understanding of Total Physical Response
There are some definitions of Total Physical Response. According to Asher in Richards and Rodgers’ book, “Total Physical Response TPR is a
language teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action; it attempts to teach language through physical motor activity.”
34
It means that learning language through Total Physical Response is not only sitting in the
classroom but they are also using their body to act what teacher speaks or command. This is in line with the assumption from Setiyadi about Total Physical
Response who claim that “memory is increases if it stimulated through association with motor activity and the process to learning the first language.”
35
It means that learning first language will be more effective if students using their physical
movement to stimulate their memory.
32
Otto Jespersen, Essentials of English Grammar, London: Lowe and Brydone Ltd., 1981, p. 295.
33
Otto Jespersen, Essentials of English Grammar,… p. 295.
34
Jack C. Richards, and Theodore S. Rodgers, Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching: A Description and Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986, p. 87.
35
Bambang Setiyadi, Teaching English as A Foreign Language, Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2006, p. 125.
Regarding to those definitions above, it can be seen that “learning English at least a brief explanation of the theory, goal, and instruction format is
most helpful in setting students at ease and quickly involving them in action.”
36
This is like children when they learn their first language before they learn to speak children do a lot of listening to their parents and they hear a lot of commands from
adult. They respond the command with action, for example: “give mommy a big kiss”, “look at the bird in the sky”, etc. And also they do a lot of physical
activities in learning their first language, such as reaching, moving and grabbing. Based on the statement above Total Physical Response emphasizes on
