summarizing activities can be used as a powerful, innovative tool to foster learning experiences for students to grow and strengthen their reading
comprehension. The innovation of the activity really helped the students reach the targeted objectives of the learning. The students‟ English proficiency levels also
improved and they were able to use English effectively.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS
This chapter presents the methods used in this research. It consists of the type of the research, the settingof the research, the subjects of the research, the
time of the research, the techniques of the data collection, the procedures of the research, the techniques of the data analysis, and the validity and reliability of the
data. Each of them is presented in the following discussion.
A. Type of The Research
This research is aimed at improv ing students‟ reading comprehension at
SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Yogyakarta the eighth grade. Therefore, it is categorized into Action Research AR.
According to Burns 2010:2, one of the main aims of Action Research is “to identify a „problematic‟ situation or issue that the participants who may
include teachers, students, managers, administrators, or even parents - consider worth looking into more deeply and systematically.
In addition, Kemmis and McTaggart 1988:5 propose that action research is a form of collective self-reflective enquiry undertaken by participants in social
situations in order to improve the rationality and justice of the own social or educational practices, as well as their understanding of these practices and the
situations in which these practices are carried out. The approach is only action research when it is collaborative, though it is important to realize that the action
research of the group is achieved through the critically examined action of individual group members. In addition, action research is also designed to bridge
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