Background of the Study

B. Identification of the Problem

Based on the background of the study, the problems related to this research come from different factors. The problems are identified as follows: 1. Students could not meet the minimum requirements in writing. The minimum requirements such as writing correct spelling and punctuation were still difficult for them. The students also could not distinguish the word forms. The students were often confused when it came to where to begin and how to convey the idea into written products. They did not even know how to arrange the jumbled sentences into a good order. They finally found it difficult to write a short text correctly. 2. The students’ motivation in mastering the writing skill was varied among others. Both external and internal motivation of the students seemed to be less equal with their needs in mastering the writing skills. Students who were highly motivated had a high effort and spirit to learn the skills so that the teacher was only to facilitate them in leaning writing. Meanwhile, the students with low motivation needed to be encouraged and given stimulus by the teacher in learning writing. Their interest in learning the writing skills was low because they could not link the importance of the skills to their daily life. 3. The teacher did not use various techniques in the teaching learning process. He made a rigid atmosphere so the whole class is passively involved during the lesson. The teacher seemed not to be able to facilitate students’ learning process by creating such an interesting activity. Instead of making the students interested in the material taught, the technique used made the students become unexcited. 4. The teaching-learning media. The teacher basically only uses the textbook for the materials in the teaching-learning activities, and she rarely uses media to make the students pay more attention to and enjoy the class. Media are vital components in the teaching learning process. It is impossible that the teaching-learning process can run well without media. Hamalik 1986: 15 suggest that the use of teaching media in teaching and learning process is essential to increase the students’ new attention, to motivate and to stimulate learning activities, and even to bring psychological effect to the students. It means that the use of a medium gives significant result to the students’ learning.

C. Delimitation of the Problem

Based on the problem identification, the researcher limited the problems mentioned in this research in order to achieve of the goal of the research. The writer only focused on the use of school bulletin board to improve writing practice of grade 9 students at SMPN 9 Yogyakarta in academic year 2014-2015.

D. Formulation of the Problem

Based on the background and the limitation of the problem, the researcher formulated the problem of this research in the following question: How is the School Bulletin Board media implemented to improve the writing practice of grade 9 students of SMP N 9 Yogyakarta?

E. Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this research is using school bulletin board of recount text to improve writing practice of grade 9 students at SMPN 9 Yogyakarta.

F. Significance of the Study

The writer hopes that this research has some benefits in the English teaching learning process, especially in improving writing practice. 1. the English Teachers Hopefully it becomes input that will encourage the teachers to apply School Bulletin Board of Recount text as one of the media in conducting writing practice in English teaching-learning process. 2. the Other Researchers Hopefully it becomes one of the references to get the information about the importance of the School Bulletin Board as the media and to inspire those who are interested in conducting research studies on the similar theme. 3. the Students Hopefully it can be a new experience for the students that will improve their writing practice. The researcher also expects that the students can be more motivated to learn English through the use of School Bulletin Board of Recount text. 7

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter presents theories which underlie this research. The discussion of this chapter is divided into two main parts. Those are a theoretical review and conceptual framework. In the theoretical review, the researcher discusses some theories and the research studies which are relevant with the topic. In the conceptual framework, the researcher relates the theory to the study.

A. Theoretical Review

This sub-chapter discusses some relevant theories which are related to the study. Those are divided into two parts. They are writing and bulletin board. The discussion of each part will be presented below. 1. Writing

a. Definition of Writing

There are many experts who define what writing is. According to Pulverness, Spratt, and Williams 2005: 26, writing is one of the four language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Writing is also one of productive skills which involve communicating a message in the form of letters and symbols. Communicating means sending certain information to others, so, a message must have a purpose. In other words, writing skills