C. Subject of Research
The research was conducted collaboratively by all research members. The main members were the students of IX C. Meanwhile, the other subjects
are the English teacher of SMPN 9 Yogyakarta as the collaborator and the researcher herself.
D. Instruments of the Research 1. Field notes
The field note supported the data from the research. It was aimed at recording the process of teaching and learning. The field note consisted of some notes
on students’ behavior during the teaching learning process and the weaknesses and obstacles founded in this research. Therefore, the researcher
was able to see the students’ progress on their writing skills. 2. Observation checklist
Observations of the teaching and learning process gave the researcher any kind of information needed. It was used to check the application of picture
series in teaching and learning process. Observation checklist referred by putting a marktick to statements of writing processes which had been done
by the teacher.
3. Interview guideline Interviewing guideline was used as a guide when the researcher conducted
interview with the students and collaborator during the research. Therefore, the interview would be in the right procedure.
4. Writing task Students’ writing task helped the researcher to get information about
students’ writing practice after the media of pictures series and bulletin board was applied on students’ writing. It showed whether there would be
improvement of students’ writing practice or not during the action of the research.
E. Data and Technique of Collecting Data
The data in this research attained from the instruments in this research. In collecting the data, the researcher used three techniques as discussed
below. 1. Interview
The researcher carried out some interviews to the English teacher as the collaborator and the students of class IX C during the research. The interview
was conducted on each cycle of the research. It was done in order to see some important points in which the researcher need to make plan for the next
action. 2. Classroom Observation
The English teacher as the collaborator and the researcher observed the teaching and learning process in class VIII B and students’ progress in
writing. For the collaborator, observation sheets were also used on this process.
3. Testing and evaluating student writing The researcher gave two tasks in this research which were the result of
students’ recount practice on writing. Then, the researcher evaluated their writing tasks from the first task to the last task. Each task was used to see
whether there was students’ improvement on their writing practice.
F. Data Analysis
The data in this research were qualitative in nature and were also be supported by the quantitative data. To obtain the qualitative data, the researcher
described the process during the action, interview transcripts, observation checklist, and students’ writing.
Firstly, the researcher looked up the findings as genuine data such as field notes, interview transcripts, and other
notes on students’ activity. It was done to meet the process validity. Then, the researcher analyzed the description of opinions, performances and the result of
research. Secondly, from the interview with the students and the English teacher as a collaborator, the transcripts were also written. It showed the progress of the
implementation given. Additionally, the researcher and the teacher shared their own opinions, ideas, and comments about the implication of the action research.
It was useful to avoid subjectivity in analyzing data and getting trustworthiness.
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