Data and Technique of Collecting Data
3. Process validity Process validity means that the actions were believable. To get the process
validity, the researcher collected the data by doing observation, and note during the research. In this research, the process was done in two cycles and each cycle
consisted of planning, actions and observation, and reflection steps. The process involved some different data sources and was followed by some evidence that
showed the believable process. 4. Dialogic validity
Dialogic validity means that stakeholders who involved could take part in the process of the research. This research involved the teacher as the collaborator
who could observe the research process. The researcher also used the triangulation to meet the reliability of the research as well. The reliability of the
research was obtained by giving genuine data, such as the field notes, questionnaires, and interview transcripts.
The triangulation Burns, 1999: 163-164 mentioned kinds of triangulation namely time triangulation, space triangulation, investigator triangulation and
theoretical triangulation. However, the researcher used two of them which were as follows.
1. Investigator triangulation There was more than one observer in this research in the same setting. This
avoided the observer’s bias and provided checks on the reliability of the observation.
2. Theoretical triangulation The data were analyzed from many perspectives. The researcher analyzed the
data based on more than one theoretical review in interpreting the data.