22 language grammar, lexis, and register with the appropriate methodology. ESP as
variable characteristic means ESP can be related to specific purposes, in specific teaching situations, and different methodology from that of general English. The
methodology in ESP teaching means the nature of interaction between the teacher and the learners is more intensive than in a general English class. It happens
because the focus in ESP is on training while in general English is on education. Based on previous three definitions can be concluded that ESP program is
a program which focuses on specific pur poses; based on learners’ needs, and
learners’ needs will determine the content of the materials.
c. Criteria of ESP
ESP as a program of learner-centered has some criteria. According to Robinson 1991, the criteria of ESP are:
1. ESP is a Program Goal-Directed.
Basically, learners have to learn English because they need English for their work purposes, not because they are interested in English. Hence, all the
materials and learning act ivities should be suitable for learners’ needs.
2. ESP Program Should be Based on Needs Analysis.
Needs analysis aims to specify what the learners should do through the medium of ESP. In collecting data to analyze the
learners’ needs, there are several things need to be considered. They are personal information of the learners,
English language information of the learners, and information about the environment in which the course will be run.
23 3.
Basically, ESP Learners are Adults than Children. More frequently the learners of ESP program are those who are studying
in a higher education. Nevertheless, ESP can be taught to the beginner learners in English.
4. Teach Learners Who Have the Same Needs in the Same Class.
In ESP class, it is important to put the learners who have the same needs in a same class. The reasons are to prepare the content of the materials based on
learners’ needs specifically and to make the learning process more effectively. Hence, English for the Junior KYM Sisters belongs to ESP. The reasons
are Junior KYM Sisters learn English for their work purposes to help them work abroad, the materials based on the
Junior Sisters’ needs, and the focus is for training. Those reasons are relevant to the criteria of ESP proposed by Robinson
1991.
d. Classification of ESP Program
In general, there are two types of ESP. They are English for Occupational Purposes EOP and English for Academic Purposes EAP. According to Dudley-
Evans and John 1998, EAP and EOP as a part of ESP are distinguished based on discipline or professional area. These classifications are important to specify
appropriate materials will be used in the course. The classification of ESP can be shown as follow:
