37 information, often numerical data being able to be administered without the
presence of the researcher, and often being comparatively straightforward to analyze” as cited in Cohen, Manion, Morrison, 2003, p. 245. In this study, the
writer used two types of questionnaire. They were: closed-ended questionnaire and open-ended questionnaire.
The type of questionnaire used for participants was a close-ended questionnaire. Closed-ended questionnaire used to gain information from the
participants. Closed questions are the questions which are constructed by providing some answers or choices to be chosen by the participants. The
questionnaires for the participants wrote in Indonesian. The reason was to help the participants answer the questions easily. The writer provided 26 closed-questions
by providing some answers or choices to be chosen by the participants. The participants just choose the best answer based on their experiences.
The types of questionnaires used for the evaluators were closed-ended questionnaire in form of Likert scales and open-ended questionnaire. A Likert
scale is a type of closed-question where researcher provides a range of responses or statements to be chosen by the evaluators of the study. Open-ended question is
a type of questionnaire in which the respondents have a chance to give their personal comment and researcher might have a depth response from the
respondents. Thus, open-ended questions are used to get feedback, evaluation, and recommendations from the evaluators.
The writer provided 12 closed-ended questions and 2 open-ended questions for the evaluators in order to evaluate the existing materials. In the
38 closed-ended questionnaire, the writer provided several statements and asked
evaluators to give assessment based on the degree of the agreement scale. In open- ended questionnaire, the evaluators are allowed to give their opinions, feedback,
and recommendations in the designed materials based on information in the background of the study and the proposed design.
b. Interview
The next was an interview. According to Cohen, Manion, and Morrison 2003, research interview is a conversation initiated by the interviewer for the
specific purpose in order to gain relevant information p. 269. On the other hand, an interviewer provides a set of questions to be answered by the interviewee and it
involves collecting data through direct verbal interaction. In this study, the writer used a structured-interview in which the interviewer provided guideline or a set of
questions to be answered by the interviewee. The writer provided five questions for the personal interview to the interviewees. The writer used an interview to
gain actual information of learners’ needs, interests, and suggestions on speaking
skill.
E. Data Analysis Technique
In this part, the writer analyzed the data from the questionnaires and interview. The questionnaires
’ data were analyzed by calculating the result of the questionnaires on each item. The results of the questionnaires were presented in
form of percentage and words. The formula of the percentage of each statement is described as follow:
39
∑X = Sum of respondent’s answer for each statement N
= Number of respondent Furthermore, the writer analyzed the data from the interview through
coding. The writer analyzed transcription of the data line by line and wrote descriptive code by the sides of each datum. The result of both the questionnaires
and interview were presented in form of sentences.
F. Research Procedure
This part explains briefly the steps used in conducting the study. There were five steps of the research procedures in this study. The steps were discussed
as follows: 1.
Selecting the Problem of the Research The writer selected the problem to be discussed and searched relevant
literature to gain more information as references to answer the problem of the study.
2. Deciding the Methodology of the Study
The writer decided methodology would be used for this study. The methodology was a mixed method. The instruments used in this study were
Percentage = ∑ X x 100
N
40 questionnaires and an interview. After preparing the instruments, the writer
distributed questionnaires and conducted an interview to the participants. 3.
Analyzing the Data The next step was analyzing the data obtained from the questionnaires and
interview. The data from the questionnaires presented in form of raw data and sentences as well as the
interview’s result. 4.
Designing the Materials In this step, the writer listed the topic and determined the learning
objectives of each topic. The topics derived from the questionnaires ’ result given
to the participants. Afterward, the writer continued to develop the content of the materials and decided learning activities to present the design materials
completely. 5.
Evaluating the Designed Materials After designing the materials, the writer distributed the questionnaires to
the experts or evaluators in order to evaluate the designed materials. The evaluators gave feedback and recommendations in the existing materials. Last, the
writer revised the designed materials that were evaluated by the experts.
