F. Validity of the Data
Validity is measurement that is showing the validity level of the instrument Arikunto; 1998: 160. To make the data valid, the researcher used five
kinds of validity based on criteria proposed by Anderson in Burns 1999:161- 165. They are democratic validity, outcome validity, process validity, dialogic
validity and catalytic validity. They are explained as follows. 1. Democratic validity
Democratic validity is related to people who are involved in the research. The research should allow all of the people who are involved to give their
opinions, ideas, comments, and suggestions about the implementation of the action. The researcher interviewed the English teacher and the students before and
after the teaching process. It allowed the research to have different point of view of the action. The discussion results then were considered in the evaluation and
reflection. 2. Outcome validity
Outcome validity relates to the outcomes achieved within the research context. It is related to the notion of the action to the result that is successful
within the research context. The most effective outcome was not only in solving the problem but also leading to new questions. Outcome validity also depends on
the process of conducting the research. 3. Process validity
It is related to the process of conducting the research. The researcher made some notes during the teaching and learning process to make the research
believable. The process validity was obtained by doing a triangulation technique. The researcher reports the result of the implementation of the process approach
from two different points of view. They are from the collaborator and the grade VIII E students.
4. Dialogic validity This validity was obtained by discussing the research findings with the
English teacher, collaborator and students. The members of discussion were invited to give their opinions and comments related to the research report.
5. Catalytic validity Catalytic validity refers to how the people involved on the research
respond to their own internal changes and how they can make change within the research. To establish this validity, the responses were considered to modify the
process.
G. Reliability of the Data
Anderson in Burns 2010: 95-96 says that applying triangulation to data collection means that a combination of angles on the data will help give us more
objectivity. The aim of triangulations is to gather multiple perspectives on the situation being studied.
It proved that the researcher’s reflections and conclusions were supported by the data and not just by her own biases. In this research, the
researcher used time triangulation, space triangulation, and researcher triangulation.
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