Data Collecting RESEARCH METHOD

give their ideas, comments, and suggestions toward the research. It means that the research has multiple voices. It makes the research has different points of view. The discussion result then will be consideration in evaluating cycles. The research proposed by the researcher was a collaborative research. It involved all elements in the research, such as the researcher, the teacher, and students to plan, analyze, and reflect on the action. 2. Outcome validity Outcome validity relates to the outcomes achieved within the research context. It is related to the notion of the action to the result that is successful within the research context. The most effective outcome is not only in solving the problems but also leading to new questions. Outcome validity also depends on the process of conducting the research. 3. Process validity Process validity refers to the process of conducting the research. There were some questions occurred during the research. This validity was fulfilled by collecting data in order to against the biased interpretation or simplistic. She made some notes in the process of the research to make the research believable. 4. Catalytic validity Catalytic validity refers to how the people involved in the research respond to their own internal changes and how they can make change within the research. To establish this validity, the responses would be considered to modify the process. 5. Dialogic validity Dialogic validity means that each person involved in the research can participate in the process of the research. It is a peer review. This validity was fulfilled by discussing the research findings with the collaborator and a student of English Education Department of UNY. The members of the discussion were invited to give their opinions and critics related to the research report.

G. Reliability of the Data

The researcher used some different ways of triangulations to get the research more reliable and to obtain trustworthiness. According to Altrichter et al. 1993 in Burns 2010:97 triangulation allows us to get grounded perspective from all the people involved rather than relying on a limited set of informers. In this research, she used time triangulation, space triangulation, and researcher triangulation. Time triangulation means collecting the data at different points in time. To fulfill this triangulation, she observed the teaching and learning process and interviewed the teacher and students at the beginning, during, and the end of the action. Space triangulation means collecting the data with different subgroups of people. She conducted the action in the class that consists of 30 students. They have different skills in writing. Researcher triangulation means collecting the data by more than one researcher. It suggested that she should have more than one researcher to avoid the bias . She did not only invite the teacher as the collaborator but also another