collaborator from the same major. To avoid the bias in the quantitative data, students’ writing scores were rated by the researcher and also the collaborator
from the same major.
H. Steps of the Research
This research was conducted in two cycles. They were namely Cycle I and Cycle II. The explanation of Cycle I is presented as follows.
1. Reconnaissance Reconnaissance stage was the first step that was done before conducting this
research. In this stage, the researcher tried to figure out the problems that occurred in the teaching and learning process. She identified the problems through
interviewing the English teacher and students and observing the writing teaching and learning process. In this stage, she also conducted the writing pretest. The
results of interviews, observation, and their writing scores were used as the basic of planning the research.
2. Planning The researcher started to plan the action of the research after knowing the
problems that occurred in the teaching and learning process. The problems were used as references to prepare all the actions and the materials for teaching writing
on a narrative text by using guided writing. The preparation dealt with preparing the lesson plans, materials, the scoring rubric and other instruments that were used
in the teaching and learning process. She also designed a posttest that would be administrated at the end of each cycle.
3. Action After the planning was completed, she started to implement the guided
writing in the teaching and learning process of writing. She began to teach students based on the lesson plan that had been made.
4. Observation Observation was conducted during the action in the teaching and learning
processes in order to know the effectiveness of learning process and whether the technique could
improve students’ achievements or not. She invited the teacher and the collaborator to observe the situation of classroom during the present
action study. 5. Reflection
After the observation, the research made reflection and evaluated the action of implementing guided writing in the teaching and learning process. She also
described the effect of the action in order to make sense of what had happened. The findings in each meeting and the results of the test were considered as the
input to improve the result of the next cycle. After implementing Cycle 1, the researcher found that there were several
unsuccessful actions. Therefore, she conducted Cycle 2. Here is the explanation of Cycle 2.
1. Planning The findings and the results of Cycle 1 were used as references in planning
the action of Cycle 2. The researcher still used guided writing to improve students’ writing skills. She revised the plan of Cycle 1 in order to overcome
unsuccessful actions. She added some exercises in vocabulary and sentence structure. She also decreased the number of comprehension questions and gave
more allocation time to language based exercises. 2. Action
After completing the planning, the researcher started to implement the guided writing in the teaching and learning process. She began to teach with the new
lesson plan that had been made. 3. Observation
Observation was conducted during the teaching and learning process in order to know the effectiveness of the learning process and whether the technique could
improve students’ achievements or not. It also aimed to know whether the plan gave significant changes or not. She still invited the collaborators to observe the
teaching and learning process and also gave their comments or suggestions to the action.
4. Reflection After the observation, the researcher made reflection and evaluated the action
of implementing guided writing in the teaching and learning process. She also described the effect of the action in order to make sense of what had happened.
She also compared successful and unsuccessful actions between Cycle 1 and Cycle 2. The findings in each meeting and the results of the test were considered
as the input to improve the result of the next cycle. However, there was no more time to conduct the next cycle. Therefore, she and the teacher decided to end this
research after conducting Cycle 2.
