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In some instance the outcome seems to be a “stormy” personality. Here, instead of withdrawing, the individual tries aggressively to relate to
people. He is highly vulnerable to hurt, however and his existence is usually an anxious one Coleman, 1976: 316.
C. Theoretical Framework
This study focuses on factors that make Kawashima Masayuki suffer from Paranoid schizophrenia. The theories that are already explained above will support
the analysis of Kawashima Masayuki’s characteristics and what makes him suffer from paranoid schizophrenia.
In this study, the writer puts theories of intrinsic element of a literary work, which are character and characterization, to analyze the characteristics of
Kawashima Masayuki. Murphy’s theory of characterization states that there are nine ways that the writer can choose to find out the characteristics of the character
that want to be analyzed in the novel. Some ways that the writer chooses to support the analysis in this study are speech, past life, reactions and thoughts.
These four ways are significant to be used in analyzing and answering the first problem formulations.
Theory of schizophrenia and paranoid schizophrenia, then, are used to prove whether Kawashima suffers from paranoid schizophrenia or not. It is used
to answer the second problem formulation. The theory of schizophrenia focuses on the general symptoms of schizophrenia until it leads to a conclusion that the
main character has mental illness. Besides, theory of paranoid schizophrenia is used to differentiate this type of schizophrenia with other types of schizophrenia
in purpose to reach a conclusion that the main character in Piercing really suffers
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from paranoid schizophrenia. Theory of paranoid schizophrenia will show deeply about the specific symptoms shown in a paranoid schizophrenic patient.
The last theory that is also important to answer the third problem formulation in this study is family theory in perspective of schizophrenia,
psychological factors in schizophrenia and the relation between literature and psychology. These theories will help the reader to find the factors that make
Kawashima suffer from paranoid schizophrenia. These three theories will also show the reader the details about phenomena that happen in the story, therefore
the writer will analyze it from the background of the main character because what the main character faced in their past life had left a big trauma in him. Besides,
Kawashima Masayuki’s background can also be learned from the characteristics and situation that Ryu Murakami already described in Piercing.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The object of this study is Piercing, a novel written by Ryu Murakami, a Japanese novelist and filmmaker. This novel was published by the Penguin
Group, Penguin Group USA Inc, New York, in January 2007, translated by Ralph F. McCarthy. The novel consists of 11 chapters with 185 pages. The genre
of this novel is psycho thriller. The writer thinks that this novel is interesting because it is related to
human values. Negative and positive attitudes will influence someone in seeing and facing the world and life. From this novel, the writer also thinks that abuse in
family not only happens in people’s imagination but in real life. That is why it cannot be ignored anymore.
Through this study, the writer wants to open people’s mind through the messages that the writer shares in this research, that actually every action taken
both consciously and unconsciously will influence our environment, relatives or friends. That is why the writer thinks that Piercing can be a good example to show
the reason why someone has psychological problem in herhis life. The first scene is opened with the appearance Kawashima Masayuki who
in 10 days always tried to find a way to stab his own daughter, Little Rie. Kawashima was a graphic designer, a husband and a father. He had a normal life
and he was an introvert person. However, one day at an art exhibition gallery in
