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time he saw and believed that his girlfriend or his wife would leave or ignored him. Usually his paranoid would lead him into committing violence.
The last literary study that supports this study is related to schizophrenia. Here, a schizophrenic patient wishes that everything must go the way she wants.
Below is the appropriate evidence to introduce little about schizophrenia. Events and situations in someone’s life may affect one aspect or more in
his life to change. The changes can positive, negative or even both. In Nash’s case, schizophrenia has the role in developing his character into
better and worse. Somehow, the development is just a process he has to live with and it cannot always be the same as he wants it to be. Bhirowo,
2004: 57
Environment affects someone’s psychological stance and can build a positive or negative characteristics and behavior. Here, Bhirowo wanted to say
that bad experiences that have happened will usually be easy to remember because it left trauma in people who faced it. Besides, bad experiences also contribute in
shaping one’s character.
B. Review of Related Theories
This subchapter consists of some theories that will be applied in the analysis. They are theory of literature and theory of psychology that are discussed
as follow.
1. Theory of Character
According to M.H. Abrams in A Glossary of Literary Terms, character can be identified and interpreted by the reader through the speech and action that is
shown.
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Character are the persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interested by the reader as being endowed with moral, dispositional,
and emotional qualities that are expressed in what they say – the dialogue – and by what the do – action 1993: 23.
Based on the quotation above, the writer concludes that to understand a character, the readers need to understand how to describe the character in the novel or play.
There are two ways that must be concerned about: showing and telling. To analyze the character, the author must be concerned to the actions and expressions
of the character because automatically they are dealing with the characteristic and the behavior of its character.
2. Theory of Characterization
The theory of characterization is important in analyzing the characteristic. M.J. Murphy in Understanding Unseens: An Introduction to English Poetry and
English Novels for Overseas Students stated that there are nine ways that the writer usually uses.
a. Personal Description
Personal description is one of many steps in analyzing the character. “The author can describe a person’s appearance and clothes” Murphy, 1972: 161.
From the personal description, the reader can conclude and imagine the physical appearance of the character.
b. Character as Seen by Another
Physical appearance is not the only thing that needs to be analyzed. Besides, the second way to analyze a character in a literary work is by noticing
other’s opinion because it holds a role in understanding the characterization.
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Instead of describing a character directly, an author can describe it through the eyes and the opinions of another character. “The reader gets, as it were, a reflected
image” Murphy, 1972: 162. It shows the reader how to understand a character by analyzing deeply through other people’s opinion. So the author of a literary
work tries to give an opinion to the reader by putting an idea through his choice of words and phrases that she writes.
c. Speech
The third way is speech. Through the speech in conversation, the reader will usually find the personalities of the character that will be analyzed.
The author can give us an insight into the character of one of the persons in the book through what that person says. Whenever a person speaks,
whenever he is in conversation with another, whenever he puts forward an opinion, he is giving us some clue to his character Murphy, 1972: 164.
From the above quotation, speech also holds an important role because
from verbal action, it will be easy for the reader to decide the characterization of the character that will be analyzed.
d. Past Life
By knowing the background and the past life of the character, it will be easy to see what kind of person that the writer wants to describe.
By letting the reader learn something about a person’s past life the author can give us a clue to events that have helped to shape a person’s character.
This can be done by direct comment by the author, through the person’s thoughts, through his conversation or through the medium of another
person Murphy, 1972: 166.
From the above quotation, the writer concludes that past life constitutes the characteristics of someone at present. Good or bad experiences happening to the
character will influence herhis personality, behavior and attitude.
