2.5.2.1 Structure Shifts
Structure shifts are the most common shift. Structure shifts are the change of grammatical position of source language in its translation in target language. In
grammar, this type of shift is able to take place at all ranks. The example of structure shift: A new adjective car noun is translated into Sebuah mobil noun baru
2.5.2.2 Class Shifts
adjective. The position of “new” adjective is placed before ”car” noun in English. But in the translation, the position of “baru” adjective is placed after
“mobil” noun. It is a structure-shift. This shift happens because of the difference of grammatical rules of both source language and target language. In English adjective
placed before the noun but in Bahasa Indonesia the adjective is placed after the noun.
Class-shifts is shift of one source language item translated into target language which belongs to different grammatical class. As Catford 1965 in Venuti 2000:
145 views that class-shifts as shifts occurred when the equivalent translation of a source language item is a component of a different class in target language. For
example: “He likes verb that girl” is translated into “Dia suka
2.5.2.3 Unit Shifts
adjective gadis itu”. The verb “likes” translated as “suka” that is an adjective in Bahasa Indonesia.
Unit shifts is the changes of rank. It’s also called rank shifts. It’s about departures from formal correspondence where in the translation equivalent of a unit at
one rank in the source language is a unit at another rank in the target language. Rank here refers to the hierarchical linguistic units of sentence, clause, group, word and
morpheme. The example of unit shifts: “She is boyish” is translated into “Dia itu
kelaki-lakian
2.5.2.4 Intra-System Shifts
”. The word “boyish” in English translated into phrase “kelaki-lakian” in Bahasa Indonesia.
Intra-System shifts is the shifts which occurring internally within the system of the language concerned. It is involves a selection of a noun correction in the system
of a noun correspondence word in system of target language. For example the plural words “scissors” which is plural becomes singular form “gunting” in Bahasa
Indonesia.
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
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