B. Method of the Research
The research is categorized as an experimental study since it attempts to provide treatment to experimental group a maintain control over all factors
that may affect the result of experiment. In other words, Experimental research involves a study of the effect of the systematic manipulation of one
variables on another variable. The manipulated variable is called the experimental treatment or the independent variable. The observed and
measured variable is called the dependent variable. Ary et.al, 2010: 26. Considering the explanation above, the researcher uses experimental
study because the aim of this study is revealing the effect of teaching techniques and students’ self-confident toward the students’ speaking skill. It
involves two variables, dependent variable speaking and independent variables community language learning, situational language teaching and
self-confidence.
C. Population, Sample and Sampling Technique 1.
Population
The population of the research is the second grade students of Nursing Department of STIKES BTH Tasikmalaya in the Academic Year of
20112012 which consist of 139 students divided into three classes. There are 60 male and 79 female students.
2. Sample
From all the population taken, the sample of the research used is two classes, class A and class B. The classes were divided into two groups, class
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A as an experimental class 40 students and class B as the control class 40 students. Based on the students’ self-confidence, median was used to divide
both experimental class and control class into two groups high and low self- confidence.
3. Sampling technique
Sampling is a technique used for getting sample. Sampling techniques are varied, so that the researchers may choose one of them. The sampling
technique used for this research is cluster random sampling. This kind of probability sampling is referred to as cluster random sampling because the
unit chosen is not an individual but, rather, a group of individuals who are naturally together. These individuals constitute a cluster insofar as they are
alike with respect to characteristics relevant to the variables. Thus, there are two classes, one is the experimental class and the other is the control class.
Therefore, the four groups were: 1 students having high self-confidence who were taught by using Community Language Learning; 2 students
having high self-confidence who were taught by using Situational Language Teaching; 3 students having low self-confidence who were taught by using
Community Language Learning; and 4 students having low self-confidence who were taught by using Situational Language Teaching.
D. Technique of Collecting the Data
In collecting data, there were two kinds of instruments which were used, the speaking test and questionnaire. Speaking test was used to collect
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the data of students’ speaking skill, and the questionnaire was used to collect the data of students’ self-confidence.
1. Giving Questionnaire of Self-Confidence
To decide whether students have high or low self-confidence, the researcher provided questionnaires. Questionnaire is an instrument that can
be used for collecting data in a research Fraenkel and Wallen, 1993: 79. The four answers had been listed according to the order of frequency: 1
strongly agree 4 points, 2 agree 3 points, 3 disagree 2 points, and 4 strongly disagree 1 point.
The questionnaires of self-confidence consisted of 30 questions tried out before it has been used to know students’ self-confidence of the
experimental class and control class. The researcher used continuum score to analyze internal validity and the reliability of the items of self-
confidence questionnaires as follows:
Validity:
Reliability:
r
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=
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−
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2 2
1 1
t i
s s
k k
2. Giving test of Speaking
On the other hand, in order to know the students’ speaking skill, the researcher gave them a speaking test. The questions of the test were
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arranged based on the indicators at the construct, formulated based on the operational definition, and those must involve all indicators of speaking
skills including pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. Before conducting speaking test, the researcher checked
the readability of the instruction first. The objective of conducting readability test is to know whether the instructions are understandable or
not.
E. Technique of Analyzing the Data
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