Endearment Expressions Types of Address Terms
Nm Functional Equivalent
Fe Pe
Dm Nm
Fe Pe
Dm Nm
42, 43, 44 10, 14
Shift or transposition Fe
Pe Dm
Nm 27
Fe Pe
Dm Nm
05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 11, 39, 40, 41, 45,
46, 57 38
48, 49, 51 Couplets
Fe Pe
Dm Nm
Fe Pe
Dm Nm
02, 03, 04, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56
47, 52,
From the table above, the researcher is obtained the following results. a. The researcher has found four from fifteen translation strategies which
proposed by Newmark 1988. There are cultural equivalent, functional equivalent, shift or transposition and couplets that have been
found in this research analysis, since they are the most applicable strategies to be used in this research.
b. The most frequent strategy used in this research is cultural equivalent, c. Functional equivalent and couplets are only applied in endearment
expressions, d. Translation of titles with cultural equivalent strategy becomes the
highest frequent result by 14 data found and the lowest result is
obtained by shift or transposition by 1 datum found. Meanwhile, in the translation of endearment expressions shift or transposition becomes
the highest frequent result by 16 data found followed by cultural equivalent which has 11 data found, couplets with 10 data found, and
the lowest frequent result is obtained by functional equivalent with 5
data found,
e. Fully equivalent is only found in title which has applied by 14 times, partly equivalent is only found in endearment expressions which has
applied by 34 times, while different meaning is only found in endearment expressions by 5 data appearances, and the last is no
meaning which is found in endearment expressions by 3 times
appearances and titles which has applied only in 1 time,
f. Only four strategies that has been applied in this data analysis. There are cultural equivalent, functional equivalent, shift or transpositions,
and couplets. In detail, the data analyses of the employed strategies in each of
degree meaning of equivalent category are presented as follows.