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collection using questionnaires or interviews to collect data from a sample that has been selected to represent a populaton” p. 230. Furthermore, considering that
each wedding organizer has different amount of members, therefore, the researcher chose to gather the data by using an effective technique which was
using survey by utilizing questionnaires. It is expected that the use of the questionnaires already represent the population of wedding organizers.
The results of the survey utilizing questionnaire will be numerical as the questionnaire deals with numeric data.
Fowler 2013 states that “the purpose of the survey is to produce statistics, that is quantitative or numerical descriptions
about some aspects of the study population” p. 1. As the survey brings quantitative data through questionnaire, therefore, the results of this survey will
also be in quantitative data which was then interpreted.
b. Interview
Conducting interview was chosen to obtain the qualitative data delivered by the stakeholders of the wedding organizers and the materials evaluators who
were experts in English language teaching and learning. The purpose of interview was to directly gather the data collaboratively and continuously. According to
Seliger and Shohamy 1989, “an interview is concocted to attain information by actually talking to the subject” p. 166. As supported by deMarrais 2004,
“interview is a process in which a researcher and participant engage in conversation focused on a research study” p. 55. Furthermore, Tarantino 1988
adds the advantage of the interview is that “the interviewer is able to help respondents with linguistics clarification and to record their answers and
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explanations” p. 35. In doing the interview, the researcher conducted a structured interview. As supported by Mackay Mountford 1978, “one
advantage of a structured interview is that none of them will be left answered and clarify
the misunderstanding that may happen” p. 22. For the procedure of the interview, the researcher first contacted the
related stakeholders and respondents to make appointments of where and when the interview would be conducted. On the defined time and place, the researcher
interviewed the stakeholders and respondents. The interview was recorded. The recorded interview was then transcribed and analyzed. Whereas, in conducting
interview with the selected wedding organizer in which the materials are implemented, the interview was also done in planning and main field testing. The
practicality of the interview is that the research asked the members and the members answered the questions one by one. This kind of interview is well-
known as focus group interview. According to Gall et al. 2007, “a group
interview involves addressing questions to a group of individuals who have been assembled for specific purpose” p. 244. Additionally, the answer delivered by
one member might support oth er members’ answers. Therefore, the interview is
addressed to the group of the members, not individually.
c. Observation
Observation is done in both preliminary field testing and main field testing. Gall et al. 2007 state that observation is an activity to observe the
behavior and the social physical environment of the individuals being studied p. 263. However, the observation conducted in the research is not as deep as what
