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Additionally, as the practitioner of the materials, the researcher herself is as the teacher. The roles of the researcher in this step were both teaching the
materials, as well as facilitating the students with project-based learning, and interviewing the students related to their perception to the implementation of task-
based and project-based learning.
D. DATA GATHERING
As each step of RD needs data, therefore, the data gathering is required. The data will be used to give the interpretation of each step and to show whether
the materials are acceptable or not. This section consists of data gathering technique and data gathering instruments. The data gathering technique acquired
in this research were survey, interview, field notes, and test. Whereas, the data gathering instruments are questionnaire, interview protocol, and test items.
1. Data Gathering Technique
Since the data in this research were both qualitative and quantitative data, therefore the technique to gather data in each of them were also different. The data
gathering technique for qualitative data was interview and observation, whereas the data gathering technique for quantitative data was survey and test.
a. Survey
Conducting survey was aimed at gathering data from large amount of respondents through questionnaires. What was meant by large amount of
respondents here was that the members of several wedding organizers in Yogyakarta.
According to Gall et al. 2007, “a survey is a method of data PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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collection using questionnaires or interviews to collect data from a sample that has been selected to represent a populaton” p. 230. Furthermore, considering that
each wedding organizer has different amount of members, therefore, the researcher chose to gather the data by using an effective technique which was
using survey by utilizing questionnaires. It is expected that the use of the questionnaires already represent the population of wedding organizers.
The results of the survey utilizing questionnaire will be numerical as the questionnaire deals with numeric data.
Fowler 2013 states that “the purpose of the survey is to produce statistics, that is quantitative or numerical descriptions
about some aspects of the study population” p. 1. As the survey brings quantitative data through questionnaire, therefore, the results of this survey will
also be in quantitative data which was then interpreted.
b. Interview
Conducting interview was chosen to obtain the qualitative data delivered by the stakeholders of the wedding organizers and the materials evaluators who
were experts in English language teaching and learning. The purpose of interview was to directly gather the data collaboratively and continuously. According to
Seliger and Shohamy 1989, “an interview is concocted to attain information by actually talking to the subject” p. 166. As supported by deMarrais 2004,
“interview is a process in which a researcher and participant engage in conversation focused on a research study” p. 55. Furthermore, Tarantino 1988
adds the advantage of the interview is that “the interviewer is able to help respondents with linguistics clarification and to record their answers and
