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explain the existence of code switching in translated woman magazines in Indonesia. They were HERWORLD magazine December 2008, HERWORLD
magazine January 2009, HERWORLD magazine February 2009, COSMOPLITAN magazine January 2009, COSMOPLITAN magazine February
2009, COSMOPOLITAN magazine March 2009, FEMALE magazine January 2009, FEMALE magazine February 2009 and FEMALE magazine March 2009.
C. Research Instrument
“A second characteristic of all forms of qualitative research is that the researcher is the primary instrument for data collection and data analysis”
Merriam, 2002. Therefore, the instrument that the writer chose to be used to examine code-switching in the three translated woman magazines was the
researcher herself. According to Leedy and Omrod 2005: 31 human mind is an important tool of a research since “its functioning dwarfs to all other gadgetry.
Nothing equals its power of comprehension, integrative reasoning, and insight”.
D. Data Gathering Technique
The data were obtained from the researcher’s observation to the three magazines chosen. The researcher looked up code-switching cases in those data
sources. The observation was done in three steps. The first step was the researcher designed the observation form to list every code-switching phenomenon exists in
the target magazines.
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The second step was the researcher classified the articles on the magazines into four categories. They were news, opinion, feature, and advertisement. The
first category was news which means “new information or report of what has recently happened” Hornby, 1974. In this study, an article was considered as
news when it contained 5W+1H questions to answer. The second category was opinion. As Hornby stated opinion is “belief or judgement not founded on
complete knowledge; views, beliefs, of a group; or professional estimate or advice”. The next category was feature which means “prominent article or subject
in a newspaper” Hornby, 1974. This category included any special articles in the magazines. The last category was advertisement which means “public
announcement in press, TV, etc” Hornby. 1974. The last step, after obtaining the classification, the researcher identified any
code-switching cases in the magazines by using scanning reading and then listed every code-switching case on the observation form.
E. Data Analysis Technique
In order to gain qualified findings, the researcher would focus on every English language element written in the target magazines. The basic steps after
getting the data from the researcher’s observation were: 1. The researcher organized the data by classifying the code-switching cases
into six categories, those were morpheme, single-word, phrase, clause, sentence, and diglossic code-switching; and then the code-switching cases were listed on
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the observation form. It was a checklist of types of code-switching adapted from McCormick 1994.
Table 3.1 Sample of Checklist of Types of Code-Switching
Types of CS CS
Page CS case
D SW P
C WS IL
Note: D :
Diglossic SW
: Single Word P :
Phrase C :
Clause WS
: Whole Sentence IL :
Integrated Loanwords
CS : Code-switching
2. After the identification process of code-switching types in the target magazines was finished, the writer counted the number of code-switching
happened in each classification of types and then counting the percentage of each of it. In addition, to make the data classification easier, the researcher employed a
computer program, Concordance 3.20, to count the single word and phrase code- switching frequency existing in the target magazines.
3. The writer analyzed the possible reasons for English code-switching. Furthermore, to observe the reasons for code-switching the writer also employed
Holmes’ 2001 theory on reasons for code-switching and 4. After analyzing the possible reasons, the writer employed theory of input
proposed by Ellis 1997 to analyze whether the code-switching cases in the target magazines hinder or facilitate English learning of the target readers.
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5. The writer summarized the data and presenting the summary in an organizational idea like table or figure.
F. Research Procedure
