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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is devoted to give the base of theoretical ground of the thesis. It comprises of two major parts, theoretical description and theoretical framework.
A. Theoretical Description
The discussion of the subheading includes the nature of code-switching that presents definitions of code-switching, the types of code-switching, in which from
different linguists, and the reasons for code-switching as well as the relation of code-switching to English teaching and learning.
1. Linguistics
Linguistics definitions are changing from narrow speech orientation which focuses on form in isolation from context to a more social perspective of language
uses. There are some definitions of linguistics provided in different linguistics books. However, the writer would like to apply a definition from Finegan:
“linguistics can be defined as the systematic inquiry into human language – into its structure and the relationship between them, as well as into the development
and acquisition of language” Finegan, 2004: 24. Nowadays, linguists put great emphasis on studying larger portions of
language in context included functions and language influence on the language choice. According to Finegan 2004: 25, “language is often defined as an
arbitrary vocal system used by human beings to communicate with one another”.
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However, there is important fact that language is more than communication. “It is social action, with work to perform” Finegan, 2004: 25. In addition, all aspects
of language are directed to create meaning. Therefore, second-language teachers need to know that there are particular times to help their students in assisting the
language learning process, for examples, in understanding the meaning of written texts and language use in a certain context.
2. Sociolinguistics
One part of linguistics study is sociolinguistics. It is “the study of relationship between language use and the structure of society” Radford, 1999:
16. As Radford stated on his book Linguistics: An Introduction, it considers some factors which maintain that they are essential to an understanding of both structure
and function of the language used in a situation. Those factors are social backgrounds of both speaker and listener, the relationship between speaker and
addressee and the context and manner of the interaction Radford, 1999: 16. Therefore, in order to build good communication with others, people have to
modify their language used in communication. For example, a teacher may change his or her language to the students’ language proficiency to make the
massage conveyed properly. This is what is called teacher talk. In multilingual situations people often juxtaposed two or more codes in one utterance. This
phenomenon is often referred to as code-switching.
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3. Code-switching
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