Research Settings RESEARCH METHOD

C. Research Data Collection

1. Type of the data

This research design used both qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative data were obtained with the scoring rubric adapted from Lindsay Cael from Seattle Community Collage and 2013 Curriculum. These rubrics were used to assess the students ‟ writing products scores in pre test and post test which were in the form of numeric data. The numeric data showed the enhancement on students‟ writing performance related to some aspects in writing test. Meanwhile, the qualitative data were in the form of field notes, questionnaire result and some interview transcripts of teaching and learning process that showed some students existing problem in writing, and the situation before and after implementing the use of photographs in writing class. In addition, there were some photographs taken to support the data.

2. Techniques in Collecting Data

There were some techniques used in data collection. To gain both of qualitative and quantitative data, four techniques of collecting data were done. To collect the qualitative data, some interviews, observations, and distributing questionnaire were conducted. Meanwhile, to collect quantitative data testing technique was used. Furthermore, those techniques are explained as the following: 1 Interview Some interviews with the English teacher and the students were conducted in order to know the students ‟ difficulties in writing and reflections after using the photographs in class. This kind of interview was conducted in each cycle in order to get the important information that needed to make a decision on this study. 2 Classroom Observation The classroom observation was conducted in order to see the real situation of teaching and learning in the classroom. The students and their behaviours during the implementation of photographs in class became the main concern to be observed. The English teacher and two collaborators were asked to help observing the whole process 3 Distributing Questionnaire Third technique is distributing questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to get the view of members in writing class before and the expectation after the action. 4 Testing and Evaluating The Students‟ Writing The last technique was by testing the students ‟ writing by conducting some tests called pre test and post test. The results of the students writing in those two tests were assessed and evaluated by one collaborator and me. The results of those tests became one of the indicators to decide the next plan and to draw a conclusion of the study.

3. Instruments

The instruments that were used in collecting data in this study are test instruments and non-test instruments. Those research instruments are explained as the following: Test Instrument 1 Scoring Rubrics A scoring rubric was needed to assess the students‟ writings. This rubric consisted of some writing aspects or criteria, the scale of the score and also the descriptions of