After while-viewing activity, the activity moves to pre-viewing activity. In this activity, the teacher will asks the students to work in pairs or groups to apply
and practice the language form and function they got from the video.
B. Review of Relevant Studies
Before the study which was conducted by the researcher, there are some previous studies done by some researchers showing that the use of video in the
teaching and learning process of English can improve students’ speaking skills. One of the relevant theories was written by Christine Canning and Wilson
from the Center of Excellence for Research and Training, Higher Colleges of Technology. Canning 2000 states that video provides visual stimuli such as the
environment and situation that can lead students to generate prediction, speculation, and a chance to activate background schemata when viewing a visual
scene reenacted. Language found in a video help non-native speakers understand stress patterns. Video allows the students to see body movement and speech
rhythm in second language discourse through the use of authentic language and speed of speech in various situations. In addition, a video can stimulate and
motivate students to be interested so that the students can be more actively involved in teaching and learning process.
The next relevant theory is written by Dr. Samir M. Rammal 2005 from Birzeit University. He supports the theory that the use of video can be very
beneficial for the teaching and learning process. He suggests that video can be very useful source and asset for the language teaching and learning process
because it combines both fun and pedagogic instructions that reflect real interaction.
Moreover, Ronald A. Berk 2009 from The Johns Hopkins University also states that the use of video is really helpful in teaching and learning process. He
states that video has a strong effect on students’ mind and senses. The video can
use as an instructional tool so the students can experience the powerful cognitive and emotional impact in teaching and learning process.
The last is the research conducted by Ikawati 2012 the students of State University of Yogyakarta. She proposes the findings of her research as follow:
a The use of video could improve students’ learning motivation and
involvement during the lesson. b
Accompanied by some speaking activities, the use of videos could improve students’ speaking skills in terms of fluency, grammatical and
pronunciation, accuracy, vocabulary mastery, and task responsibility. c
It could be used as models for the students in using particular expressions in certain situations. Videos provide different situations that enable the
students to experience the real-world context. From those previous studies we can see that video gives so many
advantages for teaching and learning process for both the teacher and the students.
C. Conceptual Framework
Everybody agrees that English is really important in this modernization and globalization era. That is why in Indonesia, English is taught since elementary
school through senior high school. One of the language skills which has to be mastered by the students in learning English is speaking.
In fact, most of the students consider that speaking English is difficult to be learnt by them. They cannot speak fluently, accurately, and appropriately in
English because English is not their mother tongue. Because of it, most of them are shy and reluctant to speak in English in front of other people. They are
worried of making mistakes. This case may be happened in teaching and learning process of English in
Indonesia because the students do not get the appropriate models so they often use incorrect grammar, mispronounce words, and also use wrong intonation and stress
patterns. Besides inappropriate models, the lack of media used in English teaching
may also contribute to the failure of the teaching and learning process. In
order to make students interested and motivated to learn English, the teacher should provide interesting learning media, especially to teach speaking because
nowadays teacher tends to teach reading and writing more than to teach speaking. The use of video can give the students appropriate models in real situations
and also give the enjoyable learning activity for the students so they can enjoy the teaching and learning process and understand the materials easily. It can improve
both the quality of teaching and learning process and the students’ speaking skills. So, using video to improve students’ speaking skills is really helpful in teaching
and learning process.
