2 Interviews
By doing an interview, the researcher had a personal contact with the participants so it will provide an opportunity for the researcher
to make a close relationship with the participants. The researcher interviewed the participants the students and the teacher before,
during, and after the action. 3
Documentations Documentation of the qualitative data is gained through taking
photographs, audiotape and videotape recording to monitor and to evaluate the action. Meanwhile, the quantitative data are gained in
the form of pre-test and post-test for each cycle.
F. Data Analysis Techniques
The data gained were in the form of qualitative supported by quantitative data. The data in the form of qualitative will be analyzed by using some stages,
such as: 1 assembling the data, 2 coding the data, 3 comparing the data, 4 building interpretation, and 5 reporting the outcomes.
For the quantitative data, the researcher conducted the pre-test and post-test. It was presented in the form of tables and mean scores.
G. Research Procedure
In the previous section, the researcher stated that this action research used the procedure proposed by the Kemmis and McTaggart 1988. The procedure
started with the step reconnaissance where the researcher found out the valuable information related to the students’ speaking skills. Here, the researcher also
identified the problems in the teaching and learning process. The next step was planning. In this step, the researcher made some plans to determine feasible
actions to be implemented in the field to make an improvement in the teaching and learning process and to make the actions became more successful. After made
some plans, the researcher continued the procedure by doing the action and observation of the action itself. Here, the researcher had to implement the plans
that had been planned before. The action was implemented in some cycles, depended on the needs of the research. The last step or procedure was reflection.
In this process, the researcher made some notes and reviews on the changes during the implementation of the action research.
H. Validity and Reliability of the Data
a. Validity
1. Democratic Validity
The research was a collaborative research. It involved the work from the researcher, the teacher, and the students. All the actions, solutions
and the conclusion were going to be made to meet benefits for all the participants involved in this action research.
