Studi Regulasi Tegangan Menggunakan Step Voltage Regulator pada Jaringan Distribusi 20 kV yang Terhubung dengan Distributed Generation
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160
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Universitas
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(22)
112
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162
Bus2 Bus17 Bus34 Bus49 Bus64 Bus79 Bus94 Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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162
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(23)
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167
Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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Universitas
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(24)
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24
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169
Bus2 Bus17 Bus34 Bus49 Bus64 Bus79 Bus94 Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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Universitas
Sumatera
(25)
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188
Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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188
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(26)
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190
Bus2 Bus17 Bus34 Bus49 Bus64 Bus79 Bus94 Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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Sumatera
(27)
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192
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192
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(28)
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194
Bus2 Bus17 Bus34 Bus49 Bus64 Bus79 Bus94 Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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194
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Sumatera
(29)
119
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201
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Universitas
Sumatera
(30)
120
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202
Bus2 Bus17 Bus34 Bus49 Bus64 Bus79 Bus94 Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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Universitas
Sumatera
(31)
121
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239
Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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239
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Universitas
Sumatera
(32)
122
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244
Bus2 Bus17 Bus34 Bus49 Bus64 Bus79 Bus94 Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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244
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Universitas
Sumatera
(33)
123
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246
Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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246
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Universitas
Sumatera
(34)
124
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249
Bus2 Bus17 Bus34 Bus49 Bus64 Bus79 Bus94 Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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Universitas
Sumatera
(35)
125
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251
Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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251
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Universitas
Sumatera
(36)
126
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254
Bus2 Bus17 Bus34 Bus49 Bus64 Bus79 Bus94 Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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254
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Universitas
Sumatera
(37)
127
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256
Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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256
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Universitas
Sumatera
(38)
128
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258
Bus2 Bus17 Bus34 Bus49 Bus64 Bus79 Bus94 Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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258
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Universitas
Sumatera
(39)
129
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261
Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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261
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Universitas
Sumatera
(40)
130
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us
266
Bus2 Bus17 Bus34 Bus49 Bus64 Bus79 Bus94 Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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266
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Universitas
Sumatera
(41)
131
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us
268
Bus109 Bus125 Bus140 Bus155 Bus170 Bus186 Bus201 Bus217 Bus232 Bus247 Bus262 Bus277 Bus292 Bus307 Bus322 Bus338 Bus353 Bus368 Bus383 Bus398 Bus413 Bus429 Bus444 Bus459 Bus474 Bus489 Bus505 Bus520 Bus535 Bus551 Bus567 Bus582 Bus599 Bus615 Bus630 Bus645 Bus663 Bus680 Bus695 Bus710 Bus725 Bus740 Bus755 Bus770 Bus786 Bus801 Bus816 Bus832 Bus847 Bus862
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Bus
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vii
4.1.1 Penentuan Bus yang akan dipasang SVR ... 52
4.1.2 Penentuan Rating SVR ... 54
4.1.3 Kondisi Tanpa Menggunakan SVR ... 55
4.1.4 Peletakan SVR Pada Bus 44 ... 57
4.1.5 Rangkuman dan Hasil Pemasangan SVR Pertama ... 61
4.2 Peletakan SVR Kedua Pada Feeder Kedua ... 66
4.2.1 Penentuan Bus yang akan dipasang SVR ... 66
4.2.2 Penentuan Rating SVR ... 68
4.2.3 Kondisi Awal (SVR Pertama Terpasang) ... 68
4.2.1 Peletakan SVR Kedua Pada Bus 199 ... 71
4.2.2 Rangkuman dan Hasil Pemasangan SVR Kedua ... 75
4.3 Pengaruh Pemasangan SVR ... 80
4.3.1 Pada Saat Tehubung dengan DG Aek Silau dan DG Tonduhan81 4.3.2 Pada Saat Terhubung Dengan DG Tonduhan ... 82
4.3.3 Pada Saat Tidak Terhubung dengan DG ... 84
4.4 Rangkuman Hasil Penelitian ... 86
BAB V Kesimpulan dan Saran ... 87
5.1 Kesimpulan ... 87
5.2 Saran ... 88
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ... 89 LAMPIRAN A
(2)
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 (a) Sistem Kelistrikan Tradisional dan (b) Sistem Kelistrikan dengan
Distributed Generation ... 6
Gambar 2.2 Diagram Satu Garis dari N-bus dalam Suatu Sistem Tenaga ... 8
Gambar 2.3 Single Line Diagram dengan 3 Bus ... 15
Gambar 2.4 One Line Diagram dan phasor diagram sistem distribusi ... 20
Gambar 2.5 Profil Tegangan ... 21
Gambar 2.6 One Line Diagram untuk mengilustrasikan drop tegangan di sistem distribusi yang terdapat Distributed Generation ... 23
Gambar 2.7 Pemasangan SVR Pada Jaringan Distribusi Primer ... 26
Gambar 2.8 Transformator dengan perbandingan belitan 10 : 1 ... 28
Gambar 2.9 Step-down autotransformator... 28
Gambar 2.10 Step-up autotransformator ... 28
Gambar 2.11 Indikator Posisi Tap-Changer ... 29
Gambar 2.12 Dua Kontak Bergerak pada Tap yang Sama ... 30
Gambar 2.13 Satu Kontak Bergerak pada Berbagai Tap ... 31
Gambar 2.14 Dua Kontak Bergerak pada Tap yang Berdekatan ... 31
Gambar 2.15 Pemasangan SVR Tiga Phasa ... 32
Gambar 2.16 Skematik Diagram Step Voltage Regulator ... 33
Gambar 2.17 Pemasangan SVR pada Jaringan Distribusi ... 34
(3)
ix
Gambar 2.20 Pemasangan SVR pada Jaringan 3 Phasa 4 Kawat ... 37
Gambar 2.21 Diagram Phasor SVR pada Jaringan 3 Phasa 4 Kawat ... 37
Gambar 2.22 Pemasangan 2 SVR pada Jaringan 3 Phasa 3 Kawat ... 38
Gambar 2.23 Diagram Phasor 2 SVR pada Jaringan 3 Phasa 3 Kawat ... 39
Gambar 2.24 Pemasangan 3 SVR pada Jaringan 3 Phasa 3 Kawat ... 40
Gambar 2.25 Diagram Phasor 3 SVR pada Jaringan 3 Phasa 3 Kawat ... 40
Gambar 2.26 Contoh Peletakan SVR pada Jaringan Distribusi di Thailand ... 44
Gambar 3.1. Diagram Alir Penelitian ...47
Gambar 4.1 Grafik Tegangan Setiap Bus Tanpa SVR ...56
Gambar 4.2 Grafik Tegangan Setiap Bus Dengan SVR Pada Bus 44 ... 59
Gambar 4.3 Grafik Tegangan Terendah ... 63
Gambar 4.4 Grafik Rugi-Rugi Daya Aktif ... 63
Gambar 4.5 Tegangan pada Seluruh Bus Sebelum dan Tegangan Setelah Pemasangan SVR... 64
Gambar 4.6 Grafik Tegangan Setiap Bus Ketika SVR Terpasang pada Bus 111 ... 70
Gambar 4.7 Grafik Tegangan Setiap Bus Ketika SVR Kedua pada Bus 199 .... 73
Gambar 4.8 Gambar Grafik Tegangan Terendah pada Bus Percobaan ... 78
Gambar 4.9 Gambar Grafik Rugi-Rugi Jaringan pada Bus Percobaan ... 78
Gambar 4.10 Gambar Grafik Perbedaan Tegangan Antara Sebelum Menggunakan SVR dan Setelah Menggunakan SVR... 79
Gambar 4.11 Grafik Tegangan Pengaruh Interkoneksi SVR dengan Terhubung DG Tonduhan dan DG Aek Silau ... 81
(4)
Gambar 4.12 Grafik Tegangan Pengaruh Interkoneksi SVR dengan Terhubung DG Tonduhan ... 83 Gambar 4.13 Grafik Tegangan Pengaruh SVR Tanpa Menggunakan DG ... 85
(5)
xi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Tipe Bus Dalam Sistem Tenaga Listrik ... 8 Tabel 2.2 Pengaturan Tap pada Step Voltage Regulator... 29 Tabel 4.1 Tegangan dan Arus yang Mengalir pada Masing-Masing Bus ... 53 Tabel 4.2 Data Hasil Simulasi ETAP dengan kondisi jaringan terhubung DG dan tidak terpasang SVR ... 55 Tabel 4.3 Data Hasil Dengan SVR Dipasang Pada Bus 44 ... 57 Tabel 4.4 Perhitungan Standar Deviasi Pemasangan SVR pada Bus 44 ... 58 Tabel 4.5 Perbandingan Hasil ETAP antara Jaringan yang tidak dipasang SVR dengan jaringan yang terkoneksi dengan SVR pada Bus 44... 60 Tabel 4.6 Data Hasil Pemasangan SVR pada Setiap Bus pada Cabang Pertama
... 62 Tabel 4.7 Tegangan dan Arus yang Mengalir pada Masing-Masing Bus ... 67 Tabel 4.8 Data Hasil Simulasi ETAP dengan kondisi jaringan terhubung DG dan
terpasang SVR I (Kondisi Awal) ... 69 Tabel 4.9 Data Hasil Dengan SVR Dipasang Pada Bus 199 ... 71 Tabel 4.10 Perhitungan Standar Deviasi Pemasangan SVR Kedua pada Bus 199
... 71 Tabel 4.11 Perbandingan Hasil ETAP antara Jaringan yang sudah dipasang SVR dengan jaringan yang terkoneksi dengan SVR Tambahan pada Bus 199 ... 74 Tabel 4.12 Data Hasil Pemasangan SVR Kedua pada Setiap Bus pada Cabang Kedua ... 76
(6)
Tabel 4.13 Data Perbandingan Jaringan yang Tidak Menggunakan SVR dan yang Menggunakan SVR pada saat 2 DG Aktif ... 80 Tabel 4.14 Data Perbandingan Jaringan yang Tidak Menggunakan SVR dan yang Menggunakan SVR pada saat DG Tonduhan Aktif ... 82 Tabel 4.15 Data Perbandingan Jaringan yang Tidak Menggunakan SVR dan yang Menggunakan SVR pada saat tidak terhubung DG ... 84 Tabel 4.16 Hasil Penelitian Tegangan Terendah dan Standara Deviasi dari Peletakan SVR pada Seluruh Kondisi ... 86 Tabel 4.17 Perbandingan Total Rugi-Rugi Daya Sebelum dan Setelah Pemasangan SVR ... 86