30
3 Rank of Imposition
The last sociological variable is rank of imposition. Brown and Levinson 198
7 state that ―the rank of imposition is the degree of a matter that is considered as the interference to the face of the hearer
‖ p. 77. The interference itself is the FTA that the speaker made. In other words, the degree of the FTA
defines the rank of impositions. A speaker who wants to impose the hearer‘s
negative face will choose more polite strategies as in negative politeness and off record strategies. Meanwhile, a speaker who wants to impose the
hearer‘s positive face will choose less polite strategies as in positive politeness and bald on record
strategies.
B. Review of Related Research
In this section, the writer will review other related studies previously done by other researchers. There are two studies that will be reviewed by the writer.
The first study was written by Oktorio 2015 entitled
A Study of Politeness Strategies Used by The Four Main Characters of Yes Man.
The study analyzed the types of politeness strategies that were used by the four main characters and
the factors that influenced the four characters in using politeness strategies. The theory of Brown and Levinson 1987 about the types of politeness strategies and
the factors in choosing the strategies was employed in the study. Oktorio 2015 applied document analysis method and used the movie script of
Yes Man
movie. The second study was written by Gloria 2016 entitled
The Use of Brown
and Levinson’s Politeness Strategies as seen in Elizabeth Gilbert’s Eat
Pray Love.
Different from Oktorio‘s 2015 politeness studies which analyzed a movie,
31 Gloria 2016 analyzed the politeness strategies employed in a novel. The study
discussed how the main characters of the novel used politeness strategies and what factors that affected them in choosing the politeness strategies. The theory of
politeness strategies by Brown and Levinson 1987 and the theory of Holmes 2001 about the factors affecting the use of politeness strategies were employed
in the study. Gloria 2016 implemented a document analysis method in which it was associated with discourse analysis since the study was a socio-pragmatic
research of a novel. However, there are some differences between the previous studies from
this study. The studies by Oktorio 2015 and Gloria 2016 analyzed about politeness strategies in the movie and novel. However, this study will discussed
the use of politeness strategies in a talk show, namely
The Ellen Show
. It becomes the new thing of this study because the writer analyze the conversation between a
host and the guest stars which run spontaneously. It is different from the analysis of the conversation between the characters in the movie and novel which have
been conducted before. Moreover, the focus of this study is to analyze how politeness strategies are used by Ellen as a multitalented host who has a
background as comedian and two U.S. politicians who attended the talk show. The U.S. politicians are Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. The clips of the talk
show will be the data source of this study. Specifically, most of the clips are taken during the presidential campaign.
32
C. Theoretical Framework
The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of politeness strategies which are done by Ellen and U.S. politicians in
The Ellen Show
. There are two research questions, namely the types of politeness strategies implemented
by Ellen and the U.S. politicians in
The Ellen Show
and the factors which influence the choice of politeness strategies in the conversation between Ellen and
the politicians in the talk show. Brown and Levinson‘s 1987 theory is used to
underlay the writer in analyzing the study to answer the research questions. In order to answer the first research question, the writer uses Brown and
Levinson‘s 1987 politeness strategies theory to analyze the utterances that are produced by the speakers. Brown and Levinson 1987 elaborate the politeness
strategies theory into four strategies, namely bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record strategy. The writer applies the four strategies
to analyze the utterances which are produced by Ellen and the politicians in
The Ellen Show
and classify the types of strategies that are used by them. Meanwhile, in order to analyze the factors which affect the choice of the
strategies, the writer also uses Brown and Levinson‘s 1987 theory. Brown and Levinson 1987 elaborate the factors which influence the application of the
politeness strategies into two factors. Those two factors are the payoffs of the politeness strategies and the sociological variables. The writer analyzes the
utterances which are produced by Ellen and the politicians in the talk show in accordance with the two factors to see what factors which influence the choice of
the strategies. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
