Sociological Variables Factors of Politeness Strategies

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C. Theoretical Framework

The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of politeness strategies which are done by Ellen and U.S. politicians in The Ellen Show . There are two research questions, namely the types of politeness strategies implemented by Ellen and the U.S. politicians in The Ellen Show and the factors which influence the choice of politeness strategies in the conversation between Ellen and the politicians in the talk show. Brown and Levinson‘s 1987 theory is used to underlay the writer in analyzing the study to answer the research questions. In order to answer the first research question, the writer uses Brown and Levinson‘s 1987 politeness strategies theory to analyze the utterances that are produced by the speakers. Brown and Levinson 1987 elaborate the politeness strategies theory into four strategies, namely bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record strategy. The writer applies the four strategies to analyze the utterances which are produced by Ellen and the politicians in The Ellen Show and classify the types of strategies that are used by them. Meanwhile, in order to analyze the factors which affect the choice of the strategies, the writer also uses Brown and Levinson‘s 1987 theory. Brown and Levinson 1987 elaborate the factors which influence the application of the politeness strategies into two factors. Those two factors are the payoffs of the politeness strategies and the sociological variables. The writer analyzes the utterances which are produced by Ellen and the politicians in the talk show in accordance with the two factors to see what factors which influence the choice of the strategies. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 33

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents a methodology rationale which is used to find the data for this study. This chapter is divided into four parts, namely the research method, research setting and data source, instrument and data gathering technique, and data analysis technique.

A. Research Method

In this study, the writer focused on the implementation of politeness strategies used by Ellen DeGeneres and U.S. politicians in a talk show namely The Ellen Show . The method used by the writer aimed to answer two research questions. The two research questions in this study are 1 Which politeness strategies are used by Ellen and U.S. politicians in The Ellen Show ? and 2 What are the factors that influence Ellen and the politicians in using politeness strategies in the talk show? This study discussed how language was used in a social context especially in the form of conversation as shown in the talk show. Therefore, the concern of the study was about the way how Ellen and the U.S. politicians implemented the politeness strategies in their conversation in The Ellen Show . The writer employed this study which was categorized as qualitative research. Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh 2010 state that ―a qualitative research focuses on the understanding of social phenomenon from the perspective of the human participant in natural setting ‖ p.22. It was the same as the objectives of the study which were to analyze the politeness strategies employed by Ellen and 34 the politicians and to find the factors that influence the choice of the strategy. The goal of this qualitative research is a depth understanding in narrative description and interpretation, rather than a numeric data analysis Ary, et al. 2002. Meanwhile, to answer the research questions, the writer applied a discourse analysis method since it concerned how language was used in the communication between Ellen and U.S. politicians see Chapter 2, section A, p. 8. In this study, the utterances of the subjects that carried politeness strategies were discussed. The utterances became the model of how language was used in context. Therefore, discourse analysis method was considered as the most appropriate method for this study since it dealt with language used in social interactions.

B. Research Setting and Data Source

The writer started to analyze the data on November 10 th , 2016. Specifically, the writer watched the clips of the talk show in order to know which politeness strategies that were used by Ellen and the politicians in The Ellen Show . The talk show was televised in United States U.S. as one of the most favorite talk shows. The clips and the transcripts of the dialogue between Ellen and the politicians was provided in the clips uploaded by The Ellen Show You Tube channel. The clips that were chosen were all the clips in The Ellen Show that were attended by the politicians Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton from the last two years 2014 until 2016. Most of the clips were taken during the presidential campaign.