Based on the definitions above, listening is a crucial stage in language acquisition which an active process to listen deeply and to understand the message
from the speaker directly.
2. Type of Listening
Listening not only has a definition, but also has a type. Every linguist has a different opinion to classifying it, yet they have the same aim from the type of
listening in which for transferring and understanding a message. According to I. S. P. Nation and J. Newton, there are two types of listening
are: a. One-way listening transactional listening
One way listening happens when listen to convey the information. The examples are monologues conversation, listen to the speech, listen to the
radio and so forth. b. Two-way listening interactional listening
Two-way listening happens in daily conversation with others which there is speaker and listener. The example is discussion activity.
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The listener in one way listening cannot interact with the speaker. In other side, two way
listening both speaker and listener can interact to each other not only to convey the message but also to give feedback.
While Goh cited from Wolvin and Coakel that there are five types of listening according to purpose of listening are:
a. Discriminative listening means listening to discriminate stimuli both auditory and visual stimuli.
b. Comprehensive listening means listening focus on understanding the message.
c. Therapeutic listening means listening that allows someone to talk about the their problem. This is good to strengthen the interpersonal bonding.
d. Critical listening means that the listeners have to evaluate the information then give the response by giving their opinion as a response.
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I. S. P. Nation and J. Newton, op. cit., p. 40.
e. Appreciative listening means listening to get the pleasure of something. For example, listening to the music.
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The summary of Wolvin and Coakel’ s five types of listening means
listening not only try to listen, but also to understand the message by giving the response of what we have listened before.
3. Teaching Listening Skill
In teaching language must balance within teaching the four language skills in order to be able for use the language and develop the language acquisition.
Because between one skill to other skills has a relation that cannot be separated which listening as a foundation for developing other skills. As Carooline T. Linse
mentions you have to listen a word before you able to speak it. You have to speak a word before you able to read it. You have to read a word before you able to
write it.
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A good teaching listening surely has a good technique too. A good technique in teaching helps to reach the purpose of study itself. Here is the
technique of teaching listening according to Miles Craven consists of three stages: a. Pre-listening
Teacher informs learners what they are going to listen before stating listening and asks them to only focus on the information they need.
b. While listening The teacher tries to play the audio once for whole comprehension, then
replay it for specific detail and do not hesitate to repeat the audio in the hard part of listening.
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Christine C. M. Goh, Teaching Listening in the Language Classroom, Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre, 2002, p. 2.
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Caroline T. Linse and David Nunan, Practical English Language Teaching: for Young Learners, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005, p. 27.
