In the classroom action research, there are four different designs. The first design is Kurt Lewin, the second is Mc el Kemmis and Mc Taggart’ design, the
third is John Elliott’s design and the last is Dave Ebbutt’s design. The writer in
this research used Ku rt Lewin’s design in which the cycle divided into four steps
are planning, acting, observing and reflecting.
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The second cycle will be conducted if the first cycle is unsuccessful. See Figure 3.1
CYCLE 1
CYCLE 2
Figure 3.1 Kurt Lewin’s Action Research Design
Here, the explanation of action research procedure steps based on Kurt Lewin’s design as follows:
1. Planning Phase
After identifying the students’ listening problem occurred in the class, the writer tries to solve the problem by making lesson plan. The teacher has to make a
lesson plan before acting phase in order all the plans in line and runs well. This phase contains all the steps of action completely and prepares everything which
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Wina Sanjaya, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, Jakarta: Prenada Media Group, 2009, p. 49
REFLECTING PLANNING
ACTING
OBSERVING
PLANNING ACTING
OBSERVING REFLECTING
related to the research. The activities that have to do: 1 designing the lesson plan RPP before teaching to make the plan in line, 2 preparing the teaching aid
which uses in the classroom, such as picture, students’ worksheet, PowerPoint
presentation, and audio recording, 3 preparing the instrument of research such as test, observation sheet, guideline questions for interview, and documentation as a
data resource. The learning activity is focused on the use of guessing game to reinforce
students’ listening. The materials are taken from the student handbook and educational website.
2. Acting Phase
Acting phase is a phase for implementing all planning plan which has been designed before in lesson plan. Based on the proposed plan, the writer begins to
teach following each step which consists of the whole process of lesson plan from the beginning, the middle until the end of the study in the class. In implementing
all of the theories and teaching technique, they must appropriate with the latest curriculum. The aims of acting phase itself are to repair and to improve the quality
of teaching and learning specially improving the students’ learning outcome, improving the performance for teacher and students in teaching and learning
process, improving the use of media in teaching, improving good interaction within teacher and student, solving the trouble in learning, and so forth.
3. Observing Phase
The observation does by the writer as long as the teaching learning process held. It is to observe the activity which occurs during the implementation of
guessing game in the classroom. In this phase, the writer is a participant observation which an active observer for taking part in acting by the students in
the class. She also gives the direction to make sure the game runs well. Observation is intended not only to know whether the action in line with the
lesson plan, but also to observe the teacher’s performance, the students’ performance,
the students’ response, the students’ activity, and the class situation toward the use of guessing game in teaching and learning process. In this phase,
the writer using structured observation sheet to strengthen the result of research.