Research Setting RESEARCH METHOD

43 photographs, and videos got from the observation. The quantitative data were in the form of the pre-test, Cycle I, and post test scores. The process of collecting the qualitative data will be explained as follows: 1. Observations Observations were done to gather the information about the situation during the teaching and learning process. The first observation was done on January 22 nd , 2014 in order to know the students’ difficuties and the process of the English teaching and learning before the actions. The observation was also done during the implementation of the action. It was done to gather information from live situation. The researcher observed the condition of the teaching and learning process and the students’ behaviour during the class. During the observation, the researcher gained data in the form of vignettes, photographs, and videos. The researcher collaborated with the English teacherand the researcher’s colleagues to gain the data. 2. Interviews The interview was done in the reconnaissance step to gather information about the problems existed in the English teaching and learning process. It also helped the researcher to identify the problem. Interviews also conducted by the researcher at the end of every meeting to know the students ’ and the collaborator’s responses about the actions implemented. The data gained from the interview helped her to reflect on the weaknesses of the actions. 44 3. Tests The quantitative data were obtained through tests. Tests were used to know the students’ improvement in learning English especially writing. The researcher gave a pre-test and a post-test to the students. The tests given were to know the students ’ writing ability before and after the actions implemented. The scores gotten from the tests then be analysed by her. The assessment was based on the writing rubric that consisted of content, organization, grammar, vocabulary, and mechanics.

F. Data Analysis Techniques

The data collected were in the form of qualitative and qualitative data. To analyze the qualitative data, the researcher referred to the steps suggested by Burns 2010: 104-105. In the first step, assembling the data, the researcher collected all the data, reviewed the initial and looked for board patterns, ideas that seemed to answer the question. The next step was coding the data where the researcher coded the data into more specific patterns and identified which data could be coded qualitatively and quantitatively. The third step was comparing the data in which the researcher compared the data to see whether they said the same thing or whether there were contradictions. The fourth step was building meanings and interpretations. To sense the data, the researcher analysed the data several times to pose questions, rethink the connections, and develop explanation of the situation. The last step was reporting the outcome. The researcher described the