CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
The notion of literature review refers to an assessment of written textbooks or manuscripts written by one or more than one scholars with reference to the
topic of study, Kombo 2006. In relation to this study, this chapter aims to determine the key constructs relevant to the topic, i.e. noun phrase, the
developmental pattern, English learning in Indonesia, EFL learner, componential analysis of noun phrase identification and noun phrase translation, and the
conceptual framework for the present research. The review will take the following order. First, the construct of
developmental pattern of noun phrases, English learning in Indonesia, and EFL learners.
2.1 Theoretical Review
The review will take the following order.
2.1.1 The Developmental Pattern
The main objective of this study is to discover the developmental pattern on the acquisition of noun phrase by Indonesian EFL learners. In understanding
the concept of developmental pattern of noun phrase in grammatical acquisition research, one needs to identify a classification in term of noun phrase placements
positions. Research on SLA shows that language emerges in regular and systematic patterns, or in an order, and that these patterns are constructed at
different stages of development as the target language is acquired, or in a sequence. Developmental order refers to the fact that irrespectively of their L1 or
their age, learners follow a particular order to achieve mastery of grammatical features
– some structures are acquired before others. On the other hand, developmental sequence refers to the stages through which learners pass in
acquiring a specific grammatical feature of the language Ellis, 2001. Ellis 2001 uses the term “developmental pattern” to refer to the order and
the sequence in which different structures of language are acquired. According to Ellis, developmental pattern are established depending on the order in which
different target structures are acquired or the sequence of stages through which the learners pass to attain master
y of a single target rule. Thus, a “stage” is defined as a period of time during which a particular structure is used by learners in a
systematic manner. The focus of inter- language pragmatics in on how learners’
pragmatic competence develops over time, and particularly on how learners produce rules of speaking at different points during the process of SLA , and the
order that is followed to acquired these communicative rules.
2.1.2 Noun Phrases
Like all phrases, the constituents of the English Noun Phrase can be analyzed into both functional constituents and formal constituents. According to
Douglas Biber 1999, one linguistic domain that reflect the historical PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
developments is the structural devices used to modify noun phrase. In English, noun phrase modifiers can occur before the head noun, pre-modifiers, or after the
head noun, post modifiers. From a functional point of view, the noun phrase has four major components, occurring in a fixed order:
1. The determinative, that constituent which determines the reference of the noun phrase in its linguistic or situational context,
2. Pre-modification, which comprises all the modifying or describing constituents before the head, other than the determiners,
3. The head, around which the other constituents cluster, and 4. Post-modification, those which comprise all the modifying
constituents placed after the head. In the figure 2.1, notice that each functional component of a noun phrase
NP can be further sub classified. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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