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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
Introduction
This section describes the methodology used to conduct the study. To address the research questions proposed in the previous chapter, information
which reflect the Indonesian EFL learners’ acquisition of noun phrases is needed. The methodology designed to obtain the necessary information to answer the
research questions is presented in this chapter. It elaborates the research design, nature of data, research instrument, pilot study, the main study, and
trustworthiness. The present chapter also discusses the assessment instrument designed to
elicit the empirical data to answer the research questions. It described the research instrument which consist of written test and unstructured interview, the
procedures used in the main study which consist of research setting and respondents, data collection and how the data were organized, and the statistical
analysis used in data analysis process in the current study.
3.1 Research Design
The main concern of this study is the developmental patterns of the acquisition of noun phrase by Indonesian EFL learners at three different groups;
freshman, sophomores, and juniors. Such research falls within the area of PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
developmental studies. In this field, two complementary research designs have emerged and been frequently used: the longitudinal design and cross-sectional
design Ary, Jacob, Razavieh, 1990; Wiersma, 1995. Each design has its own strengths and weaknesses. Considering the time and financial constraints and the
nature of the study, the writer adopted cross-sectional design. In cross sectional research, the data are collected at one point in time and
the data collection process is conducted within a short time Borg Gall, 1983, p. 407; Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, 2010, p. 379. This is to describe the relationship
between variables at the time of study. It is different from longitudinal research
which is conducted continuously during a period of time. Cross sectional design is comparatively quicker to conduct and cheaper to administer because it allows the
collection of data at one point in time point time approach from different samples representing different groups or sub-populations within some given
population. Cross sectional design is large-scale in nature: it permits the use of
different samples within a given. It allows different groups to be compared, charting a population-wide pattern of development. It also allows the use of
inferential statistics to assess whether or not the differences between one and the other groups are significant. Therefore, it allow only macro-level analysis and
cannot be used to track changes that happen in individuals Cohen, Manion, Morrison, 2000, p. 175.
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