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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
In this chapter, the researcher presents the review of the related theories that is divided into three parts of discussion. The first part explains the theoretical
concept of the research; the second part is about the framework of the research; and the last one is the hypothesis of the research.
A. Theoretical Review
1. Vocabulary a.
Definition of Vocabulary
Vocabulary is all the words which exist in a particular language. Vocabulary functions as a cornerstone without which any language could
not exist. The word “vocabulary” generally represents a summary of words or their combinations in a particular language.
According to Richard 2001: 40 vocabulary is one of the obvious components of language. He adds that vocabulary is the core component in
language proficiency and provides much of the basis for how learners speak, listen, read, and write. It is the basic skill to know about the other
skill of language. According to Ur 1996: 60 vocabulary can be defined as the words
teacher teaches in the foreign language. The term ’words’ here means that the new item of vocabulary maybe more than a single word, for example,
father-in-law, police office, which are made up of two or more words but express a single definition or idea.
Based on the theories above, it can be concluded that vocabulary is all words used in a particular language. Language is consisted of words to
make it meaningful. Vocabulary mastery is really important since it could be defined as the parameter of how people master the language.
Vocabulary mastery is very significant for the students, especially in mastering a foreign language. This research took grade IV students of
SD N Gambiranom as the subject and the English vocabulary mastery as the topic of the research. Vocabulary in this research is limited into set of
English words that should be taught in terms of public places and occupations.
b. Kinds of Vocabulary
There are many kinds of vocabulary according to some experts. Melka 1997: 84 stated that there are two kinds of vocabulary. They are
active or productive vocabulary and passive or receptive vocabulary. Active or productive vocabulary is the words that are used in writing or
speaking. They are words that are well-known, familiar and, used frequently. Passive or receptive vocabulary is the words we can
understand or recognize. It is the set of words for which an individual can assign meanings when listening or reading. These are words that are often
less well known to students and less frequent in use. According to Harris 1969:48, receptive vocabulary is the word
which is used in reading and writing skill. Then, Scrivener 1994:74 states that productive vocabulary is new words learned by students which
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