43 47.
Mengaktifkan The word
“mengaktifkan” is formed by adding prefix “me-” which is followed by phoneme a becoming
“meng-” + noun base form “aktif” + suffix
“-kan”. The word “mengaktifkan” is borrowed from English verb word “activate”. The word “meng + aktif + kan” here is a verb.
48. Mengontrol
The word “mengontrol” is formed by adding prefix “me-” which is
followed by phoneme k becoming “meng-” + noun base form
“kontrol”. The noun base form “kontrol” is borrowed from English noun word “control”. The word “me + ngontrol” here is a verb.
49. Memonitor
The word “memonitor” is formed by adding prefix “me-” + noun base
form “monitor”. The noun base form “monitor” is borrowed from
English verb word “monitor”. The word “me + monitor” here is a verb. 50.
Mengevakuasi The word
“mengevakuasi” is formed by adding prefix “me-” which is followed by phoneme e changing into
“meng-” + noun base form “evakuasi”. The word “mengevakuasi” is taken from English word
“evacuate”. The word “meng + evakuasi” here is a verb.
4.1.4. Analysis of Internal Change Process
Besides affixation, the analysis also can be gone through other analysis such as internal change. The words which are taken from English words get some changes
in their internal structure. This change can modify the unsure of the phoneme of the word such as consonant, vocal, or even in their segmental characteristic sound,
44 intonation, duration, etc. This change also makes foreign language or in this case
English more acceptable in Bahasa Indonesia and it is based on the official Indonesian spelling system.
Based on the data that have been classified, 85 English words that get internal change process when they are used in Bahasa Indonesia are analyzed below.
No. English Loanwords
Bahasa Indonesia Internal Change Version
1 Academic adj
Akademik adj 2
Access n Akses n
3 Actor n
Aktor n 4
Alphabet n Alfabet n
5 Analysis n
Analisis n 6
Artist n Artis n
7 Aspect n
Aspek n 8
Biography n Biografi n
9 Business n
Bisnis n 10
Body n Bodi n
11 Box n
Boks n 12
Bomb n Bom n
13 Brochure n
Brosur n 14
Check n Cek n
15 Deficit n
Defisit v 16
Decade n Dekade n
17 Department n
Departemen n
45 18
Dialogue n Dialog n
19 Design n
Desain n 20
Discount n Diskon n
21 Document n
Dokumen n 22
Draft n Draf n
23 Dramatic adj
Dramatis adj 24
Effect n Efek n
25 Efficient adj
Efisien adj 26
Element n Elemen n
27 Economy n
Ekonomi n 28
Execution n Eksekusi n
29 External adj
Eksternal adj 30
Extreme n Ekstrem n
31 Energy n
Energi n 32
Essay n Esai n
33 Fact n
Fakta n 34
Phase n Fase n
35 Facilitator n
Fasilitator n 36
Focus n Fokus n
37 Photo n
Foto n 38
Helicopter n Helikopter n
39 Icon n
Ikon n 40
Illegal adj Ilegal adj
41 Index n
Indeks n
46 42
Indicator n Indikator n
43 Industry n
Industri n 44
International adj Internasional adj
45 Jacket n
Jaket n 46
Jeep n Jip n
47 Journal n
Jurnal n 48
Cabin n Kabin n
49 Camera n
Kamera n 50
Camp n Kamp n
51 Category n
Kategori n 52
Code n Kode n
53 Colony n
Koloni n 54
Corps n Korps n
55 Cream n
Krim n 56
Crucial adj Krusial adj
57 License n
Lisensi n 58
Maximal adj Maksimal n
59 Marathon n
Maraton n 60
Microphone n Mikrofon n
61 National adj
Nasional adj 62
Neutral adj Netral n
63 Object n
Objek n 64
Operation n Operasi n
65 Pamphlet n
Pamflet n
47 66
Potential adj Potensial adj
67 Producer n
Produser n 68
Protocol n Protokol n
69 Ratio n
Rasio n 70
Rhetoric n Retorika n
71 Certificate n
Sertifikat n 72
Symbol n Simbol n
73 System n
Sistem n 74
Scenario n Skenario n
75 Special adj
Spesial n 76
Station n Stasiun n
77 Study n
Studi n 78
Survey n Survei n
79 Team n
Tim n 80
Traditional adj Tradisional adj
81 Tragedy n
Tragedi n 82
Urgent n Urgen n
83 Vacuum adj
Vakum adj 84
Villa n Vila n
85 Vocal adj
Vokal adj
Table 4.4: internal changes’ list
1. Akademik
The word “akademik” is an adjective which is borrowed from English
adjective word “academic”. The word “academic” becomes “akademik”
48 because phoneme c changes into k if c places in front of a, u, o,
and consonant. 2.
Akses The word
“akses” is a noun which is borrowed from English noun word “access”. The word “access” becomes “akses” because cc is placed in
front of e and i so that cc changes into ks in Bahasa Indonesia. 3.
Aktor The word
“actor” is a noun which is borrowed from English noun word “actor”. The word “actor” becomes “aktor” when it is used in Bahasa
Indonesia because c is placed in front of consonant t so that c changes into k in Bahasa Indonesia.
4. Alfabet
The word “alfabet” is a noun which is borrowed from English noun
word “alphabet”. The word “alphabet” becomes “alfabet” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because phoneme ph is pronounced f in
Bahasa Indonesia. 5.
Analisis The word
“analisis” is a noun which is borrowed from English noun word “analysis”. The word “analysis” becomes “analisis” when it is
used in Bahasa Indonesia because y is pronounced i in Bahasa Indonesia.
6. Artis
The word “artis” is a noun which is borrowed from English noun word
“artist”. The word “artist” becomes “artis” when it is used in Bahasa
49 Indonesia because the changing of phoneme : into r in the word
“artist” ˈ :tist and “artis” artis. 7.
Aspek The word
“aspek” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “aspect”. The word “aspect” becomes “aspek” when it is used in Bahasa
Indonesia because the changing of æ into a and e into é in the word “aspect” æspekt and “aspek”aspék.
8. Biografi
The word “biografi” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“biography”. The word “biography” becomes “biografi” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the changing of ph with f and y with i
in the word. 9.
Bisnis The word
“bisnis” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “business”. The word “business” becomes “bisnis” when it is used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of z into s and ə into i
between the word “business” ˈbɪznəs and “bisnis” bisnis. 10.
Bodi The word
“bodi” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “body”. The word “body” becomes “bodi” when it is used in Bahasa
Indonesia because the change of y into i in the word. 11.
Boks The word
“boks” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “box”. The word “box” becomes “boks” when it is used in Bahasa
Indonesia because the change of x into ks in its writing system.
50 12.
Bom The word
“bom” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “bomb”. The word “bomb”b m becomes “bom”bom when it is used
in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme into o in the
word. 13.
Brosur The word
“brosur” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “brochure”. The word “brochure” becomes “brosur” when used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of pronunciation ch into s. 14.
Cek The word
“cek” is a verb which is derived from English noun word “check”. The word “check” tʃek becomes “cek” cék when used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme t ʃ into c and e into
é in the word. 15.
Defisit The word
“defisit” is a verb which is derived from English noun word “deficit”. The word “deficit” ˈdefɪʃɪt becomes “defisit” defisit when
used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme ʃ into s.
16. Dekade
The word “dekade” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“decade”. The word “decade” ˈdekeɪd becomes “dekade” dékade when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme e
ɪ into a and phoneme e into é. c changes into k because it placed in
front of a.
51 17.
Departemen The word
“departemen” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “department”. The word “department” dɪˈpa:tmənt becomes
“departemen” departemén when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme
ɪ into e,phoneme : into r ,and phoneme ə into é.
18. Dialog
The word “dialog” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“dialogue”. The word “dialogue” ˈdaɪəlog becomes “dialog” dialog because the change of phoneme a
ɪ into i and phoneme ə into a in the word.
19. Desain
The word “desain” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“design”. The word “design” dɪˈzaɪn becomes “desain” désain when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme
ɪ into é and phoneme z into s in the word.
20. Diskon
The word “diskon” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“discount”. The word “discount” ˈdɪskaʊnt becomes “diskon” diskon when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme c
into k and phoneme a ʊ into o in the word.
21. Dokumen
The word “dokumen” is a noun which is derived from English noun
word “document”. The word “document” ˈd kjumənt becomes
52 “dokumen” dokumén when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the
change of phoneme into o and phoneme c into k in the word. 22.
Draf The word
“draf” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “draft”. The word “draft” dr :ft becomes “draf” draf when it is used
in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme into a in that
word. 23.
Dramatis The word
“dramatis” is an adjective which is derived from English adjective word “dramatic”. The word “dramatic” drəˈmætɪk becomes
“dramatis” dramatis when it is used in Bahasa Indoensia because the change of phoneme
ə into a, phoneme æ into a, and phoneme k into s in the word.
24. Efek
The word “efek” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“effect”. The word “effect” ɪˈfekt becomes “efek” éfék when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme
ɪ into é and phoneme e into é in the word.
25. Efisien
The word “efisisen” is an adjective which is derived from English
adjective word “efficient”. The word “efficient” ɪˈfɪʃnt becomes “efisien” éfisién when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the
change of phoneme ɪ into é, phoneme ʃ into s, phoneme e into é
in that word.
53 26.
Elemen The word
“elemen” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “element”. The word “element” ˈelɪmənt becomes “elemen” élemén
when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme e into é, phoneme
ɪ into e, phoneme ə into é in the word. 27.
Ekonomi The word
“ekonomi” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “economy”. The word “economy” ɪˈk nəmi becomes “ekonomi”
ékonomi when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme c into k if placed on front of o and y into i in the word.
28. Eksekusi
The word “eksekusi” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“execution”. The word “execution” becomes “eksekusi” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme x into ks and
tion into si in that word. 29.
Eksternal The word
“eksternal” is an adjective which is derived from English adjective word “external”. The word “external” ɪkˈstз:nl becomes
“eksternal” éksternal when it used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme
ɪ into é, phoneme x into ks and phoneme з into e in that word.
30. Ekstrem
The word “ekstrem” is an adjective which is derived from English noun
word “extreme”. The word “extreme” becomes “ekstrem” when it is
54 used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme x into ks in
the word. 31.
Energi The word
“energi” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “energy”. The word “energy” becomes “energi” when it is used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme y into i in the word. 32.
Esai The word
“esai” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “essay”. The word “essay” becomes “esai” when it is used in Bahasa
Indonesia because the change of y into i. 33.
Fakta The word
“fakta” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “fact”. The word “fact” becomes “fakta” when it is used in Bahasa
Indonesia because the change of c into k in this case c is placed in front of consonant t in that word.
34. Fase
The word “fase” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“phase”. The word “phase” becomes “fase” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of ph into f in that word.
35. Fasilitator
The word “fasilitator” is a noun which is derived from English noun
word “facilitator”. The word “facilitator” becomes “fasilitator” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into s if c is
placed in front of e, i, oe and y in that word.
55 36.
Fokus The word
“fokus” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “focus”. The word “focus” becomes “fokus” when it is used in Bahasa
Indonesia because the change of c into k if c is placed in front of a, u, o, and consonant in that word.
37. Foto
The word “foto” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“photo”. The word “photo” becomes “foto” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of sound ph into f in that word.
38. Helikopter
The word “helikopter” is a noun which is derived from English noun
word “helicopter”. The word “helicopter” becomes “helikopter” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into k if c is
placed in front of a, u, o, and consonant in that word. 39.
Ikon The word
“ikon” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “icon”. The word “icon” becomes “ikon” when it is used in ɒahasa
Indonesia because the change of c into k if c is placed in front of a, u, o, and consonant in that word.
40. Ilegal
The word “ilegal” is an adjective which is derived from English
adjective word “illegal”. The word “illegal” ɪˈli:gl becomes “ilegal” illegal when it used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of
ɪ into i and i into e in that word.
56 41.
Indeks The word
“indeks” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “index”. The word “index” becomes “indeks” when it is used in Bahasa
Indonesia because the change of x into ks in that word. 42.
Indikator The word
“indikator” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “indicator”. The word “indicator” becomes “indikator” when it is
used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into k if c is placed in front of a, u, o, and consonant in that word.
43. Industri
The word “industri” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“Industry”. The word “industry” becomes “industri” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of y into i in that word.
44. Internasional
The word “internasional” is an adjective which is derived from English
adjective word “international”. The word “international” becomes “internasional” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change
of t into s in this case t is placed in front of i and its pronunciation become s in that word.
45. Jaket
The word “jaket” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“jacket”. The word “jacket” becomes “jaket” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into k in this case c is placed in
front of consonant k in that word.
57 46.
Jip The word
“jip” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “jeep”. The word “jeep” becomes “jip” when it is used in Bahasa
Indonesia because the change of ee into i in that word. 47.
Jurnal The word
“jurnal” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “journal”. The word “journal” becomes “jurnal” when it is used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of ou into u if it is pronounced as u in that word.
48. Kabin
The word “kabin” is a noun word which is derived from English noun
word “cabin”. The word “cabin” becomes “kabin” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because change of c into k in this case c is placed
in front of a in that word. 49.
Kamera The word
“kamera” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “camera”. The word “camera” becomes “kamera” when it is used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into k in this case c is placed in front of a in that word.
50. Kamp
The word “kamp” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“camp”. The word “camp” becomes “kamp” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into k in this case c is placed in
front of a in that word.
58 51.
Kategori The word
“kategori” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “category”. The word “category” becomes “kategori” when it is used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme c into k in this case c is placed in front of a and the change of y into i in that word.
52. Kode
The word “kode” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“code”. The word “code” becomes “kode” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme c into k in this case c is
placed in front of o in that word. 53.
Koloni The word
“koloni” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “colony”. The word “colony” becomes “koloni” when it is used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of phoneme c into k in this case c is placed in front of o and the change of y into i in that word.
54. Korps
The word “korps” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“corps”. The word “corps” becomes “korps” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into k in this case c is placed in
front of o in that word. 55.
Krim The word
“krim” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “cream”. The word “cream” becomes “krim” when it is used in Bahasa
Indonesia because the change of c into k in this case c is placed in front of consonant r and the change of ea into i in that word.
59 56.
Krusial The word
“krusial” is an adjective which is derived from English adjective word “crucial”. The word “crucial” becomes “krusial” when it
is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into k in this case c is placed in front of consonant r and the change of c into s in this
case c is placed in front of i in that word. 57.
Lisensi The word
“lisensi” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “license”. The word “license” becomes “lisensi” when it is used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into s in this case c is placed in front of e and the change of e into i in that word.
58. Maksimal
The word “maksimal” is an adjective which is derived from English
adjective word “maximal”. The word “maximal” becomes “maksimal” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of x into ks in
that word. 59.
Maraton The word
“maraton” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “marathon”. The word “marathon” becomes “maraton” when it is used
in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of th into t in that word. 60.
Mikrofon The word
“mikrofon” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “microphone”. The word “microphone” becomes “mikrofon” when
it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into k in this
60 case c is placed in front of consonant r and the change of ph into f
in that word. 61.
Nasional The word
“nasional” is an adjective which is derived from English adjectiv
e word “national”. The word “national” becomes “nasional” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of t into s in
this case t is placed in front of i and its pronounced s in that word. 62.
Netral The word
“netral” is an adjective which is derived from English adjective word “neutral”. The word “neutral” becomes “netral” when it
is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of eu into e in that word.
63. Objek
The word “objek” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“object”. The word “object” becomes “objek” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into k in this case c is placed in
fron of consonant t in that word. 64.
Operasi The word
“operasi” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “operation”. The word “operation” becomes “operasi” when it is used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of tion into si in that word. 65.
Pamflet The word
“pamflet” is a noun which is derived from English noun “pamphlet”. The word “pamphlet” becomes “pamflet” when it is used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of ph into f in that word.
61 66.
Potensial The word
“potensial” is an adjective which is derived from English adjective word “potential”. The word “potential” becomes “potensial”
when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of t into s in this case t is placed in front of i and its pronounced s in that word.
67. Produser
The word “produser” is a noun which is derived from English noun
word “producer”. The word “producer” becomes “produser” because the change of c into s in this case c is placed in front of i in that word.
68. Protokol
The word “protokol” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“protocol”. The word “protocol” becomes “protokol” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into k in this case c is
placed in front of o in that word. 69.
Rasio The word
“rasio” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “ratio”. The word “ratio” becomes “rasio” when it is used in Bahasa
Indonesia because the change of t into s in this case t is placed in front of i and its pronounced s in that word.
70. Retorika
The word “retorika” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“rhetoric”. The word “rhetoric” becomes “retorika” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of rh into r and c into k in that
word.
62 71.
Sertifikat The word
“sertifikat” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “certificate”. The word “certificate” becomes “sertifikat” when it is
used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into s in this case c is placed in front of e and c into k in this case c is placed in
front of a in that word. 72.
Simbol The word
“simbol” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “symbol”. The word “symbol” becomes “simbol” when it is used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of y into i in that word. 73.
Sistem The word
“sistem” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “system”. The word “sytem” becomes “sistem” when it is used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of y into i in that word. 74.
Skenario The word
“skenario” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “scenario”. The word “scenario” becomes “skenario” when it is used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into k in this case c is placed in front of e in that word.
75. Spesial
The word “spesial” is an adjective which is derived from English noun
word “special”. The word “special” becomes “spesial” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into s in this case c is
placed in front of i in that word.
63 76.
Stasiun The word
“stasiun” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “station”. The word “station” becomes “stasiun” when it is used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of t into s in this case t is placed in front of i and its pronounced s in that word.
77. Studi
The word “studi” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“study”. The word “study” becomes “studi” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of y into i in that word.
78. Survei
The word “survei” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“survey”. The word “survey” becomes “survei” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of y into i in that word.
79. Tim
The word “tim” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“team”. The word “team” becomes “tim” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of ea into i in that word.
80. Tradisional
The word “tradisional” is an adjective which is derived from English
adjective word “traditional”. The word “traditional” becomes “tradisional” when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of
t into s in this case t is placed in front of i and its pronounced s in that word.
64 81.
Tragedi The word
“tragedi” is a noun which is derived from English noun word “tragedy”. The word “tragedy” becomes “tragedi” when it is used in
Bahasa Indonesia because the change of y into i in that word. 82.
Urgen The word
“urgen” is an adjective which is derived from English adjective word “urgent”. The word “urgent” becomes “urgen” when it is
used in Bahasa Indonesia because this word is commonly pronounced in Bahasa Indonesia and the change is only looked from reducing t in that
word. 83.
Vakum The word
“vakum” is an adjective which is derived from English adjective word “vacuum”. The word “vacuum” becomes “vakum” when
it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of uu into u and c into k in this case c is placed in front of u in that word.
84. Vila
The word “vila” is a noun which is derived from English noun word
“villa”. The word “villa” ˈvɪlə becomes “vila” vila when it is used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of
ə into a in that word. 85.
Vokal The word
“vokal” is an adjective which is derived from English adjective word “vocal”. The word “vocal” becomes “vokal” when it is
used in Bahasa Indonesia because the change of c into k in this case c is placed in front of a in that word.
65
4.1.5. Analysis of Conversion Process
