4. Language Features of Descriptive Text Table 2.1
Language Features of Descriptive Text No Linguistic Features
Examples
1 Specific Participants
Prabu Perdana 2
Simple Present Tense I have a lot of friends
.
His round face makes him more impressive.
People frequently think he is a European or American offspring, but he is actually a
Sundanese genuine. He looks more handsome when he is
smiling. 3
Action Verb Makes Help
Think Try Looks Annoy
Spend Explain
4 Passive Voice
He has short wavy but rather blonde hair, which is always combed neatly.
5
Adverbial Phrase
He has short wavy but rather blonde hair, which is always combed neatly
6
Linking Verb
Is Am
C. GROUP WORK 1. Definition of Group Work
Group work has some definitions based on the linguist. First, the writer wants to show definition about what a group is. According to Brilhart, a group is
a collection of items such as trees or numbers; a large organization such as an insurance company, the people who voted for Nixon in 1960, or the members of a
religious organization; two or more people having anything in common such as standing at the same corner while waiting for a bus.
29
On the other hand a group is collection of something who has the same purpose.
Group work is one of the techniques that used in teaching especially teaching reading. By using group work technique, the students have opportunities
to share their idea and interpret the text with their friends in a group. It is in line with Nuttal, she said that
“In group work mode of organization, much of the guidance comes from fellow students. The effort to understand the text is made
jointly – that is, individual efforts are pooled and discussed in the hope of arriving
together at the best interpretation.”
30
Thus, group work as a technique to make students can learn and solve the problem together.
Next, it is about definition of group work. As stated by Brown, group work is one of techniques that consist of two or more students are assigned a task that
involves collaboration and self-initiated language.
31
This statement means that as a technique, group work gets students to work together in doing their task.
Students in group work are more than two or perhaps six. In addition, Ruppet Brown
defined “a group exists when two or more people define themselves as member of it and when its existence is recognized by at
least one another.”
32
On the other words, group consists of two or more people join into one as a member.
29
John K. Brilhart, Effective Group Discussion, Iowa: WM. C. Brown Company Publishers, 1967, p. 11.
30
Christine Nuttal, Teaching Reading Skills in a Foreign Language, London: Mcmillan, 2005, p. 162.
31
H. Douglas Brown, Teaching by Principles: an Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy 2
nd
Edition, San Francisco: Addison Wesley Longman, 2001, p. 177
32
Zoltán Dörnyei and Tim Murphey, Group Dynamics in the Language Classroom, Cambridge: Cambridge Universiti Press, 2003, p. 13.
Meanwhile, Ur said that group work is a learning task through small-group interaction that is performed by learner to become more active in oral fluency
because students in group get opportunities to talk in class.
33
Group work can make students learn actively because they have chance to talk in the classroom.
In addition, Hess explained that: Group work is obviously a key element as it enables students to learn from
one another. When working in small groups, students have a greater chance to practice oral fluency. Students are also far less intimidated in a
small group, and once they become familiar with the procedure, they usually enjoy sharing ideas and practicing new language structure in this
format.
34
Based on the definition, group work is viewed as a technique that gives students some chances to practice oral fluency, share idea with friends, and practice the
new language. In sum up, group work is one of the techniques that consist of two or more
students in a group who are given the same task to finish well. Then, students cooperate to study and share their ideas in group work. They may also help and
guide each other. Again, they can interpret the reading text cooperatively.
2. Purposes of Group Work
There are some purposes of group work. According to
Bormann,
“The primary purpose of much of the talk in a group discussion must be to
communicate.”
35
It means that communication is the main purpose of group work. It is in line with Brown in his book Teaching by Principles: an Interactive
Approach to Language Pedagogy, stated that one of the major purpose of group
33
Penny Ur, A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 232.
34
Natalie Hess, Teaching Large Multilevel Classes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 112
35
Ernest G. Bormann, Discussion and Group Methods, New York: Harper Row Publisher, 1969, p. 4.
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