community. The offender was captured by the local monitor, then arrested by the police and must follow a formal law enforcement process of sanctioning.
Kapoposang In Kapoposang, the Natural Resource Conservation Office BKSDA that
manages Kapoposang TMP occasionally visits the island and encourages local community to craft rules on resource use surrounding the island, including access
rules to external fishers to entering fishing grounds adjacent to Kapoposang. The rules may include check in and pay entrance fee to the local island Jufri 2006.
6.5 Cognitive Social Capital: Trust
The element of trust is important for cooperation and collective action. People would only cooperate or engage in social or economic transaction if they
trust another partner. A form of institution for confidence is needed, and it can be provided by either formal enforcement formal law or informal institution
retaliation, social sanction, etc..
Community Trust
Trust is cognitive social capital that can facilitate structural social capital and supports mutually beneficial collective action Uphoff 2000. A community
trust is assessed for each island. The level of trust varied significantly with island Chi-Square test, p 0.001. Rajuni Kecil has the lowest level of trust.
0.2 0.4
0.6 0.8
1
Tarupa Rajuni Kecil
Rajuni Besar
Barrang Caddi
Kapoposang Island
Inde x
of b
om b
poi s
on
0.5 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
Lev el
of t
rus t
Bomb 2005 Poison 2005
Level of trust
Figure 25 Level of community trust and frequency of bomb and poison fishing.
Total N = 102.
Note: 1 No trust; 2 Moderate; 3 Trust
Furthermore, trust is negatively associated with bomb fishing, with Spearman’s correlation coefficient is -0.242 and test of significance p 0.05 two-
tailed. Rajuni Kecil has high bomb fishing, while at the same time has the lowest level of trust. Rajuni Besar and Kapoposang where destructive fishing is minimal
or not existed, the percentage of trust is higher than other islands. However, the highest trust is in Barrang Caddi, where poison fishers are
prevalent Figure 25. This shows that the community trust is not necessarily related to the low level of destructive fishing. On the other hand, trust is also
needed for practicing blast or poison fishing.
Trust and Social Capital Investment
Given that trust is important for cooperation and compliance, it is also critical for the community’s cooperation with the external assistants and the
community’s compliance towards norms or objectives brought by the external assistance. The island community has increasingly questioned the transparency
of project’s budget that was beyond their knowledge, as well as the promises that were not realized. The community’s distrust with the external assistance and field
facilitators contributed to low compliance or cooperation with project’s objectives or activities.
6.6 Destructive Fishing and Bonding, Bridging and Linking Social Capital
