Wanderer`s motivation to live with human in Stephenie Meyer`s The Host.

xi ABSTRACT

BRILYAN NILAM PRATIWI. Wanderer’s Motivation to Live With Human in Stephenie Meyer’s The Host. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2014.

The writer discusses the motivation of Wanderer in Stephenie Meyer’s

The Host. The novel tells about an alien or a “soul” named Wanderer who is inserted into a girl named Melanie to gain information to hunt human that refuse the inception. However, Wanderer is captivated into Melanie’s memories about people she loves, Jared and her brother, Jamie. She then decides to escape in order to find and live with human that hide in secret caves in the dessert.

This study focuses on Wanderer’s motivation to live with human that based

on three problems. The first is the description of Wanderer’s characterization, the

second is description of the conflict of Wanderer, and the third is how her motivation to live with human is revealed due to the influnce of her characterization and conflict.

The writer applies a library research that used The Host as the main source in this study. The main source is supported by several secondary sources that include theories used in this study. Moreover, this study also provides several

studies related to Meyer’s works.

This study finds out that Wanderer is brave and strong soul because she

manages to survive from the Seeker’s hunt. She also persist to reach her goal and

smart to solve her problems. She is a caring soul for loving Melanie, Jamie, Jared, and other human while lives with them. Her sincerity is genuine because she helps humans have better life. Then, the writer finds out that the external conflicts of Wanderer motivates her to live with human. Her conflict with other souls arises because they have different wills. She wants to save human while souls want to incept them. She also faces conflicts with human that arise because they have different perspectives. She wants to care and live with human but they assume she threats their life. The last, the writer finds out the reasons behind Wanderer’s

motivation using Malsow’s hierarchy of needs that are influenced by her

characteristics and her conflicts. Wanderer is motivated to live with humans to fulfill her physiological needs, safety needs, love or belongingness needs, and esteem needs.

xii ABSTRAK

BRILYAN NILAM PRATIWI. Wanderer’s Motivation to Live With Human in Stephenie Meyer’s The Host. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2014.

Penulis membahas motivasi Wanderer dalam novel karya Stephenie Meyer.

novel ini berkisah tentang alien bernama Wanderer yang “merasuki” seorang gadis

bernama Melanie guna mendapatkan informasi tentang manusia yang melawan invasi mereka. Akan tetapi, Wanderer terkesan dengan memori Melanie tentang orang-orang yang dia cintai seperti Jared dan Jamie, adiknya. Selanjutnya, dia memutuskan untuk kabur mencari dan tinggal bersama manusia yang bersembunyi dalam gua di padang gurun.

Penelitian ini fokus pada motivasi Wanderer untuk hidup besama manusia yang didasari tiga rumusan masalah. Yang pertama adalah deksripsi karakter Wanderer, kedua mengenai deskripsi konflik yang dihadapnya, dan yang ketiga mengenai motivasinya yang timbul karena dipengaruhi oleh karakter dan konfliknya.

Penulis mengaplikasikan data kepustakaan yang menggunakan novel The Host sebagai sumber utama dalam penelitian ini. Sumber utama didukung oleh beberapa sumber pendukung termasuk teori-teori dan beberapa penelitian yang berhubungan dengan karya-karya Meyer.

Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa Wanderer adalah alien yang berani dan kuat karena ia berhasil bertahan dari kejaran Seeker. Dia juga perhatian karena mencintai dan meyayangi Melanie, Jared, Jamie, dan para manusia saat tinggal bersama. Ia sungguh-sungguh tulus karena ia menolong manusia agar hidup lebih baik. Penulis menemukan bahwa konflik external memotivasi Wanderer untuk hidup bersama manusia. Konflik dengan alien lain terutama Seeker terjadi karena perbedaan keinginan. Wanderer ingin menyelamatkan manusia sedangkan alien lain ingin menginvasi mereka. Wanderer juga menghadapi konflik dengan manusia yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan cara pandang. Dia ingin menyayangi dan hidup bersama mereka sedangkan mereka menganggapnya sebangai ancaman. Pada akhirnya, penulis menemukan alasan dibalik motivasi Wanderer menggunakan hierarki kebutuhan Maslow yang dipengaruhi oleh karakter dan konflik yang dihadapinya. Wanderer termotivasi untuk hidup bersama manusia guna memenuhi kebutuhan fisik, kebutuhan keamanan, kebutuhan untuk mencintai dan dicintai, dan kebutuhan untuk percaya dan dipercayai.

WANDERER’S MOTIVATION TO LIVE WITH HUMAN

IN STEPHENIE MEYER’S

THE HOST

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra In English Letters

By

BRILYAN NILAM PRATIWI

Student Number: 094214031

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA 2014

i

WANDERER’S MOTIVATION TO

LIVE WITH HUMAN

IN STEPHENIE MEYER’S

THE HOST

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra In English Letters

By

BRILYAN NILAM PRATIWI

Student Number: 094214031

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA 2014

vi

“The best way out is always through.”

Robert Frost

“Give thanks.

vii

Dedicated to

God Almighty,

my beloved parents,

my little sister,

my love,

viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First, I would like to give my gratitude to Jesus Christ for His endless blessings throughout my life.

My gratitude goes to my advisor, Maria Ananta Tri Suryandari, S. S., M. Ed., for her guidance, patience, inspiration and attention. She patiently guides and supports me in the process of my writing. My gratitude also goes to my co-advisor, for corrections and notes on my undergraduate thesis. I also give my gratitude to my academic advisor, the USD lecturers, the secretariat staffs, and the library staffs who have helped me during my process of my study.

I want to give my greatest gratitude to Thery, my greatest Mother who always loves and supports me; Papa Benny who dedicates his life to our family; and for my little sister, Bella, who always cheers up our days. I also thank Ayah Lili (+) for his love and memories.

I also give thanks to all my friends: awesome SLPers (Rena, Mba Hellen, Pucil, Mba Lid, Boni, Ucca, Dory, Putra, Mas Anggit, Wisnu, Wawan, Bang Theo, Wanda, Leo, Satrio), Beswan Djarum batch 27, Thomas, Rinda, Rachel, Pipit, Ninik, Halabi, Kres, Hill, Lola, Itha, Icha, Indi, and my entire classmates in the year of 2009 for their care, joy, stories, and supports.

ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE….………... i

APPROVAL PAGE………..……….…... ii

ACCEPTANCE PAGE………..………... iii

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY………….…………... iv

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI…... v

MOTTO PAGE………..………... vi

DEDICATION PAGE………..…………...… vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……….……... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS……….………... ix

ABSTRACT………...………... xi

ABSTRAK………...……….… xii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION………...……. 1

A. Background of the Study………. 1

B. Problem Formulation………...…. 4

C. Objectives of the Study……….………... 4

D. Definition of Terms………... 5

CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW……….…..……….... 7

A. Review of Related Studies………...…..……... 7

B. Review of Related Theories………...….………. 9

1. Character and Characterization…...…….…...…….. 9

2. Conflict……… 12

3. Motivation……….…... 13

C. Theoretical Framework……….……...…… 15

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY………...……...………..… 16

A. Object of the Study………...………….…...… 16

B. Approach of the Study………..………….…..… 17

C. Method of the Study………....……….… 18

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS... 21

A. The Character of Wanderer………..…..…...… 21

1. Brave…………...………...……...… 22

2. Strong……….. 24

3. Persistent………...…...………...…………...…... 26

4. Smart……….. 28

5. Caring……….…….…… 30

6. Sincere……….…...…... 33

B. The Conflicts of Wanderer………....….….… 36

1. Wanderer and Other Souls...………...……… 38

2. Wanderer and Human…….……..……..….………. 42

ix

1. Motivation to Fulfill Physiological Needs.…..…... 45

2. Motivation to Fulfill Safety Needs………..…...….... 47

3. Motivation to Fulfill Love or Belongingness Needs.. 49

4. Motivation to Fulfill Esteem Needs……… 51

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION………..…. 54

BIBLIOGRAPHY……… 57

APPENDIX………...… 59

xi ABSTRACT

BRILYAN NILAM PRATIWI. Wanderer’s Motivation to Live With Human in Stephenie Meyer’s The Host. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2014.

The writer discusses the motivation of Wanderer in Stephenie Meyer’s The Host. The novel tells about an alien or a “soul” named Wanderer who is inserted into a girl named Melanie to gain information to hunt human that refuse the inception. However, Wanderer is captivated into Melanie’s memories about people she loves, Jared and her brother, Jamie. She then decides to escape in order to find and live with human that hide in secret caves in the dessert.

This study focuses on Wanderer’s motivation to live with human that based on three problems. The first is the description of Wanderer’s characterization, the second is description of the conflict of Wanderer, and the third is how her motivation to live with human is revealed due to the influnce of her characterization and conflict.

The writer applies a library research that used The Host as the main source in this study. The main source is supported by several secondary sources that include theories used in this study. Moreover, this study also provides several

studies related to Meyer’s works.

This study finds out that Wanderer is brave and strong soul because she manages to survive from the Seeker’s hunt. She also persist to reach her goal and smart to solve her problems. She is a caring soul for loving Melanie, Jamie, Jared, and other human while lives with them. Her sincerity is genuine because she helps humans have better life. Then, the writer finds out that the external conflicts of Wanderer motivates her to live with human. Her conflict with other souls arises because they have different wills. She wants to save human while souls want to incept them. She also faces conflicts with human that arise because they have different perspectives. She wants to care and live with human but they assume she threats their life. The last, the writer finds out the reasons behind Wanderer’s

motivation using Malsow’s hierarchy of needs that are influenced by her

characteristics and her conflicts. Wanderer is motivated to live with humans to fulfill her physiological needs, safety needs, love or belongingness needs, and esteem needs.

xii ABSTRAK

BRILYAN NILAM PRATIWI. Wanderer’s Motivation to Live With Human in Stephenie Meyer’s The Host. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2014.

Penulis membahas motivasi Wanderer dalam novel karya Stephenie

Meyer. novel ini berkisah tentang alien bernama Wanderer yang “merasuki”

seorang gadis bernama Melanie guna mendapatkan informasi tentang manusia yang melawan invasi mereka. Akan tetapi, Wanderer terkesan dengan memori Melanie tentang orang-orang yang dia cintai seperti Jared dan Jamie, adiknya. Selanjutnya, dia memutuskan untuk kabur mencari dan tinggal bersama manusia yang bersembunyi dalam gua di padang gurun.

Penelitian ini fokus pada motivasi Wanderer untuk hidup besama manusia yang didasari tiga rumusan masalah. Yang pertama adalah deksripsi karakter Wanderer, kedua mengenai deskripsi konflik yang dihadapnya, dan yang ketiga mengenai motivasinya yang timbul karena dipengaruhi oleh karakter dan konfliknya.

Penulis mengaplikasikan data kepustakaan yang menggunakan novel The Host sebagai sumber utama dalam penelitian ini. Sumber utama didukung oleh beberapa sumber pendukung termasuk teori-teori dan beberapa penelitian yang berhubungan dengan karya-karya Meyer.

Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa Wanderer adalah alien yang berani dan kuat karena ia berhasil bertahan dari kejaran Seeker. Dia juga perhatian karena mencintai dan meyayangi Melanie, Jared, Jamie, dan para manusia saat tinggal bersama. Ia sungguh-sungguh tulus karena ia menolong manusia agar hidup lebih baik. Penulis menemukan bahwa konflik external memotivasi Wanderer untuk hidup bersama manusia. Konflik dengan alien lain terutama Seeker terjadi karena perbedaan keinginan. Wanderer ingin menyelamatkan manusia sedangkan alien lain ingin menginvasi mereka. Wanderer juga menghadapi konflik dengan manusia yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan cara pandang. Dia ingin menyayangi dan hidup bersama mereka sedangkan mereka menganggapnya sebangai ancaman. Pada akhirnya, penulis menemukan alasan dibalik motivasi Wanderer menggunakan hierarki kebutuhan Maslow yang dipengaruhi oleh karakter dan konflik yang dihadapinya. Wanderer termotivasi untuk hidup bersama manusia guna memenuhi kebutuhan fisik, kebutuhan keamanan, kebutuhan untuk mencintai dan dicintai, dan kebutuhan untuk percaya dan dipercayai.

1

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Literature is an intangible creation of human‟s logic and heart. It is

not merely printed papers or play performances but also consist of human reflection in life. In a book Fiction: an Introduction to Reading and Writing Second Edition, Robert and Jacobs stated that

Imaginative literature, which we will call simply literature, refers to written (and also spoken) compositions designed to tell stories, dramatize situations, and reveal thoughts and emotions, and also, more importantly, to interest, entertain, stimulate, broaden, and ennoble readers. (1989: 1)

From the quotation above, it can be said that literature functions to entertain and to be a leaning tool for the reader. Through the stories, the reader can

sharpen their knowledge about human‟s thoughts and emotions. Author

presents such an interesting story to stimulate the reader to be critical to a certain situation or character as happen in real life.

Novel is an ingenious and elaborate literary form that reveals

comprehensive description about human‟s life. M. J Murphy in Understanding Unseens stated that “there is practically no subject, no human situation that has not been at some time the subject of a novel” (1972: 127). Novel tells various stories with various subjects and situations that can happen to the reader. It helps the reader elevate their understanding and knowledge about the complexity of people and situations in life.

Furthermore, a novel can be analyzed in many approaches. A psychological point of view is one of approaches that analyzes the behavior of human as it represent through the character in the novel. The behavior of a person is influenced by certain motives. This motive leads a person to do something to fulfill her or his needs. The reason that underlies the motives called motivation. Motivation is one aspect that influences human‟s behavior.

Psychological novel deals with “the feelings and attitude of individual (1977: 32)” as stated in Reading the Novel by Henkle. He added that there are

“ethical implications in what we learn about other people; we can sympathize

with them and figure out what moves them” (1977: 33). Psychological novel

contains feelings and behaviors of the character. It also analyzed what are the

motivation that drives the character‟s feelings and attitude or behavior. As

stated by Emily R. Rai, that motivation is “reasons that underlie behavior that is characterized by willingness and volition (http://www.pearsonassessments.com/research)”. In another word, willingness and volition are the factors that motivate people to do certain actions.

This study analyzes a novel by Stephenie Meyer, The Host. This

novel is very interesting because it reveals the main character‟s motivation to

live with human. The story takes place when Earth is invaded by aliens or souls that want to purify the world which is full of human‟s negativity and violence. Wanderer, the main character is an alien or soul that is inserted to occupy a girl named Melanie Stryder. Hence, there are two characters residing in one body. Her duty is to gain information about other human from her

3

memories. The information is needed by Seeker or soul that assign to keeping

peace by „catch‟ human.

Despite obeying her duty, Wanderer is influenced by Melanie‟s soul.

Her communication to Melanie makes her slowly feels the love and care about human in Melanie‟s memories; especially to Jamie‟s her little brother and Jared her boyfriend. Her love for Melanie makes the Seeker urges her to move into another body so she can handle Melanie. Wanderer resists her and then decides to run away from her society. She and Melanie start their searching for human in the desert based on the routes given by Jeb, Melanie‟s uncle. She almost dies when she finally meets Uncle Jeb and few human. Knowing that Wanderer uses her niece‟s body, he saves her and takes her to their hiding place. She and Melanie also meet Jamie and Jared there. Living there, most human are afraid of her because they think she only pretends and will hand them to the Seeker. She desperately struggles to show her genuine love and care for them by helping them during her living with them.

Meyer‟s novel, The Host, is a captivating novel. Through it, she presents the values about love, complex human feelings, social standards, and the meaning of life; as stated by Anna Limber as follow.

The Host is marketed as “science fiction for people who don‟t like science fiction”. This is true. The science fiction aspect is that it

involves aliens who possess technology well advanced beyond ours,

but it‟s firstly a love story on several levels… The Host brings up good discussion topics, such as the depth and range of human

emotions, and whether and when it‟s right for one society to impose it‟s standards on another, especially at the cost of sentient life (http://bestsellers.about.com/od/fictionreviews/gr/the_host.htm).

The Host is unique from other novels because does not only tell about imaginative alien story but also contain values of life. The combination of science fiction and depth human values attract the reader to follow the story.

In this thesis, the writer focuses on Wanderer‟s motivation to live

with humans as the topic because analyzing motivation enhances the writer understanding to become a personally fulfilled person. As Petri stated in his book Motivation: Theory and Research that “the basic motive of all human is

to become a personally fulfilled as we can” (1981: 4). Thus, motivation is the basic motive of human to develop. It influences the writer and the reader to develop into a better person, both mentally and physically.

B. Problem Formulations

1. What are the characterization of Wanderer? 2. What are the conflicts that happen to Wanderer?

3. How do the characterization and the conflicts reveal Wanderer‟s motivation to live with human?

C. Objectives of the Study

The aim of this study is to analyze three focuses. The focuses are in the characterization, conflicts, and motivation of Wanderer. This study used three objectives to answer the problem formulations. The first objective is to describe the characterization of Wanderer. The second objective is to describe

5

give the analysis of Wanderer‟s motivation reveals from the characterization and the conflicts.

D. Definition of Terms

This research has several terms which are used in analyzing the problem formulations. The terms used in this research are character, conflicts, and motivation.

1. Character and Characterization

The first term used in this research is character. A Glossary of Literary Terms Six Edition by M. H. Abrams stated that character is the sketch in prose of distinctive type of person (1985:23).Abrams underline that every character is unique from others. It has special and different features as human has in real life. In this study, the writer analyzes Wanderer as the main character in the novel. Although she is an alien, she has the same qualities and traits as a person because she is live in a female human body.

2. Conflict

The second term used in this research is conflict. Conflict is the most important element of plot. Roberts and Jacobs in Fiction: An Introduction to Reading and Writing Second Edition stated that conflict are opposition or contrasting of two people or larger forces such as natural objects, ideas, modes of behavior, public opinion, and values (1989: 99). Conflict occurs and is provoked by the different ways of concept, belief, and impression that lies in

each person. Conflicts in this study refer to external conflicts of Wanderer. There are conflicts of Wanderer and other souls and her with human.

3. Motivation

The third term used in this study is motivation. According to

Motivation: Theory and Research by Herbert L. Petri (1981: 3) stated that: Motivation is the concept we use when we describe the forces acting on or within an organism to initiate and direct behavior. The concept of motivation is also used to explain differences in the intensity of behavior. More intense behaviors are considered to be the result of higher levels of motivation.

Motivation is the reasons that underlie people to do or to feel something. It leads people to fulfill their action and it differs between individuals. It also influences the intensity of a person to behave and do an action. People who are motivated have directing behavior that leads them to reach their goals. This study refers to the motivation Wanderer as the main character. It is influenced by her characterization and conflicts.

7

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL REVIEW

A. Review of Related Studies

In this study, the writer uses Stephenie Meyer’s novel, The Host, to be analyzed. Meyer is the writer of bestseller vampire-romance-saga titled Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse and Breaking Dawn. The Host is her latest novel in science-fiction genre. The Host is remarkable because Meyer shifts her previous focus in teen-vampire romance into an adult-science-fiction-romance.

There are several criticisms of Meyer’s works that are discussed by the writer in this study. First, an editorial review from Amazon website (http://amazon.com/The-Host-Novel-Stephenie-Meyer/dp0316068047/), Mari Malcolm argued that The Host will be pleasantly surprised because it is consisted by equal parts of action and emotion. The Host is able to present the story that can balance demotion and action through the flow of the story. By reading it, the reader can arouse their feelings and focus on the action of the character and the flow of the story.

The Host is an interesting novel to read. Jane Jorgenson in Library Journal criticized that the novel “lives up to the hype, blending science fiction

in a way that never worked so well”

(http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/thehost.html). From the quotation, it can be said that the author explores what happen to the relationships when the two

souls inhabit the same physical body. The novel enhances the relation between Wanderer and Melanie in a beautiful way; how the two species interact and actually motivate to help each other although they have so many differences.

Another review is from Booklist signifies about the pretty mixture tale about the humanity issues in the novel.

Meyer’s ingenious adult-market debut, heavily but not tediously indebted to Invasion of the Body-snatchers, imagines the tangled web of attachments between an alien parasite and the colony of humans to which the alien’s host body once belonged. Meyer boldly chooses to narrate from the perspective of the invading alien, a 1,000-year-old female “soul” named Wanderer, and it is a tribute to the author’s skill that Wanderer is a sympathetic protagonist despite the fact that she tells her tale while clinging to the cerebellum of a human victim, 17-year-old Melanie.

(http://www.amazon.com/TheHostNovelStephenieMeyer/dp/productd escription/0316218502/ref=dp_proddesc_0?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s= books)

According to the quotation above, Meyer makes a significant debut of the alien story for adult readers. Wanderer as the main character and a protagonist describe as kind soul although she posses Melanie’s body. The uniqueness of main character provokes the readers’ curiosity to explore her journey in the novel.

Criticisms about Meyer’s character also come from undergraduate thesis by Nurvita Wijayanti a scholar from Sanata Dharma University that uses Twillight novel by Stephenie Meyer. She stated that “Meyer can describe every character commonly and does not give excessive” (2011: 6). Meyer creates character with ordinary description that is perceptible by the readers. Thus, character in Meyer’s work portrays a conventional view of individual type that is easy to understand.

9

Regarding the criticisms mentioned before, the writer can highlight several important points. First, the story in The Host is amusing to explore because it is a balance mixture of emotion and action. Second, Meyer presents Wanderer, the main character as a unique figure because she is an alien or a soul. Third, those criticisms and reviews help the writer analyze The Host. Although the writer agrees with the criticisms above, the writer has different opinion about in this study. The writer chooses the motivation of Wanderer as the topic by observing her character and her conflicts.

B. Review on Related Theories

Some theories are needed to support the analysis and answer the problems. Those theories are the theories on character and characterization, theories of conflict, and theories of motivation.

1. Theory of Character and Characterization

The theories about character and characterization are needed to analyze the major character, Wanderer. In a book Fiction: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, Roberts and Jacobs stated about character and characterization.

Character in literature generally, and in fiction specifically, is an extended verbal representation of a human being, the inner self that determines thought, speech, and behavior. Through dialogue, action, and commentary, authors capture some of the interactions of character and circumstance. (1989: 143)

From the quotation above, character in fiction is defined as representation of human being that has particular thought, speech, and behavior. Whereas,

characterization is the way to analyze the character. The key elements such as dialogue, action, and comments are important to the writer as clues to determine the character.

Arp and Johnson in their book Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense. Tenth Edition explains that character is complicated description of human being.

Analyzing characterization is more difficult than describing plot, for human character is infinitely complex, variable, and ambiguous. Anyone can summarize what a person in a story has done, but a writer needs considerable skill and insight into human beings to describe convincingly who a person is. (2009: 161)

They explained that characterization is more complex and varied compared to the plot. The reader can identify the action of the character because every character does different activity. Thus, the complexity of the character is described as a deep portrait of human being.

Also, in the book Understanding Unseen by Murphy (1972:161-173) there are several paths to analyze the characterization. He states that character can be seen through personal description, character as seen by another, speech, past life, conversation of other, reactions, direct comment, thought, and mannerism.

The first, character can be analyzed through their personal description. The detail about the character’s appearance such as clothes, the face, skin, and eyes are important keys to find the characterization (1972: 161). It provides particular clues related to the character due to the fact that each character has their own appearance.

11

The second, the way to analyze the characterization is through characters description as seen by another (1972: 162). The reader is able to obtain reflection or image of the character through the eyes of another character in the story. The third, characterization can be analyzed through speech(1972: 164). The author can give some understanding of the character through what character says. The author present some hints of the characterization whenever a character speaks, whenever a character is in conversation with another character or whenever a character states an opinion.

The fourth, the characterization can be analyzed through past life (1972: 166). The reader can learn something about a character’s past life by a hint given by the author in the story. The past life of the character reflects through direct comment seen in the person’s, thought, conversation, or through the medium of another character. The fifth, the characterization can be analyzed through conversation of other. The character often talks about other characters and it gives some hints to the description of particular character (1972: 167).

The sixth, the characterization can be analyzed through reactions. The author can give the reader a hint by presenting the character’s reactions to particular situations and events (1972: 168). The seventh, the characterization can be analyzed through direct comment. The author explains or comments on a person’s character straightly without any medium (1972: 170). Next, the characterization can be analyzed through thoughts. The author give the reader

straight information of what a character is thinking about, what is on the character’s mind and what the character feels (1972: 171).

Last, the characterization can be analyzed through mannerisms. The author portrays a character’s mannerism by the description of the character’s habits and behaviors (1972: 173).These nine ways are applied to a gain concrete understanding of the character in the story. The reader can view the complete image of the character by seeing at personal description, character as seen by another, speech, past life, conversation of other, reactions, direct comment, thought, and mannerism. Thus, these ways helps the reader understand about the character completely.

2. Theory of Conflict

Conflict contributes the dynamic flow of the story in the novel. According to Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson in Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense Tenth Edition; important information can be find in the conflict that present as follows.

Conflict--a clash of actions, ideas, desires, or wills. Characters may be pitted against some other person or group of persons (conflict of person against person); they may be in conflict with some external force--physical nature, society, or “fate” (conflict of person against environment); or they may be in conflict with some elements in their own natures (conflict of person against himself or herself). The conflict may be physical, mental emotional, or moral (2009: 104). Arp and Johnson divide conflict into two which are internal conflict (conflict person against himself and herself) and external conflict (conflict person

13

against person or environment). A contrast action, will, ideas, and desire occur because every character is unique and have their own perspective.

X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia in their book An Introduction to Fiction Eleventh Edition define conflict as the contradiction between forces in the story.

Conflict is the central struggle between two or more forces in the story. Conflict generally occurs when some person or thing prevents the protagonists from achieving his or her intended goal. Opposition can arise from another character, external events, preexisting situations, fate, or even some aspect of the main character’s own personality (2010: 714).

Conflict can forbid the character to reach her or his goal. It also can keep particular action or situation to happen. Therefore, conflict is the main aspect that builds the plot in the story.

3. Theory of Motivation

Every person has motivation in his or her life. It provokes people to do actions in order to fulfill their goals. In the book Motivation: Theory and Research by Herbert L. Petri, “motivation is the concept we use when we describe the forces acting or within an organism to initiate and direct behavior (1981: 3)”. This concept influences people to decide and behave in particular situation happen in daily life.

Petri also stated the theory of motivation that is developed by Abraham Maslow in his book. Maslow discovered motivation which is in relation with human needs called hierarchy of needs. A person is less

influenced if lower needs are mostly satisfied most of the time. On the contrary, a person is more influenced if the higher needs are less satisfied.

The needs have five stages that influence the motivation of people. The first stage of hierarchy is physiological needs (1981: 302). This is the basic needs of human such as food, drink, and sexual needs. The second stage of the hierarchy is safety needs (1981: 303). This is a need for security in the environment or in the place that the person lives in.

The third stage of hierarchy is love or belonging needs (1981: 303). These needs are related to maintain relationship with others, especially the feeling of being involve in particular group or person. The fourth stage of the hierarchy is esteem needs (1981: 303-304). This stage relates to a positive, high evaluation of oneself. It can be divided into a need for self-esteem which motivates individual to struggle for achievement, strength, confident, independence, and freedom whereas a need for esteem from others including the needs of the social status, recognition, independence, appreciation by others of one’s abilities, and a feeling of importance.

The final stage of the hierarchy is self-actualization (1981: 304-305). This level can be reach if the first four levels of needs are satisfied. At this level, behavior of the people is motivated by different conditions at the lower levels. The self-actualized person is no longer motivated by deficiencies, but is motivated to grow and become all that he or she is capable of becoming a fully grown person.

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C. Theoretical Framework

Those theories are needed to analyze the thesis. The theories are theory of character and characterization, theory of conflict, and theory of motivation. First, the theory of character and characterization is used to analyze the first problem about the description of the main character. The writer needs those theories to analyze and explain the description of Wanderer as seen in The Host novel.

Second, the writer uses the theory of conflict to analyze the second problem about Wanderer’s conflict that influences her motivation in the story. Third, the writer uses Maslow’s theory of motivation. It is applied to explain the relation between Wanderer’s character and the conflicts that motivate her to live with human. The analysis of motivation is based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The needs are physiological needs, safety needs, and love or belongingness needs.

In this study, library research method is used to collect and analyze the data. The writer uses articles, journals, and books from the library and internet besides The Host novel as the main source. In conclusion, the review of related studies and theories are needed to gain the complete analysis and understanding of the Wanderer’s motivation to live with human.

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

A. Object of the Study

The object of the study is a novel entitled The Host. This novel consists of 619 pages and divided into epilogue, 58 chapters, and epilogue. This novel is created by a famous American author, Stephenie Meyer. It is published after her previous vampire-romance-saga: Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn. The Host first published in 6 May 2008 by Little, Brown, and Company and has been a hit since that.

The Host gain several praise such as #1 New York Times Bestseller, remained on this list for 26 weeks and also spent over 36 weeks on The Los Angeles Times bestseller list. In Canada, it also becomes #1 of 10-top-selling fiction books by Maclean’s Magazines. Furthermore, its debut remark “Best

Book of May 2008” in Amazon.com.

The novel tells about an alien named Wanderer that motivates to live with human. The conflicts arise since Wanderer inserted to Melanie’s body. In

the continuation of the story, Wanderer finds herself affected by Melanie’s

soul, especially her emotion and memories. Although she is trapped, she protects the information about other humans, including her brother, Jamie, and her boyfriend, Jared.

The contradiction of traits and feelings between Wanderer and Melanie are collided. They run away from the Seeker, soul that is assigned to

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hunt human; to search for human’s hiding place which is located in the desert. At the hiding place, lived Melanie’s relatives such as Uncle Jeb, Aunt Maggie, Sharon, Jamie; and of course Jared. At the beginning, most human there wants to kill Wanderer, but later they trust Wanderer for being a friend and part of their community. She also falls in love with a young man named Ian, who convinces other human to trust her.

The Host was recently adapted into a film and was released in theaters

on 29 March 2013. The movie’s casts are Saoirse Ronan as

Wanderer/Melanie, Max Irons as Jared Howe, Chandler Canterbury as Jamie, and Jake Abel as Ian O’Shea. It beautifully presents the novel’s story of motivation and love of two different kinds in struggle to reach their goals.

B. Approach of the Study

In order to earn conclusion of this thesis, the writer choose an appropriate approach to be applied. The writer uses psychological approach in analyzing the work, since it deals with motivation. Thus, the writer obtains an

understanding about Wanderer’s mind, feelings, and behaviors that influence her motivation to live with human.

Rohgerber and Woods in Reading and Writing about Literature stated

that “psychological approach involves the effort to locate and demonstrate

certain recurrent patterns” (1971: 13). It can be said that the purpose of psychology approach is to define repeated patterns of people. The patterns are behaviors, perspectives, and emotions are the clues to discover psychological

aspects such as motivation. In this study, the patterns are the characterization of the main character, Wanderer, that can be seen through her behavior, perspective, and emotion. This characterization influenced her to do actions when there are conflicts that hold her to reach her goal. Characterization and conflicts influenced her to have motivation in order to reach her goal. Thus, psychological approach enables the writer to clearly explain the pattern of the

main character in analyzing of Wanderer’s motivation.

The theories stated by Rohgerber and Woods are needed to analyze the motivation of Wanderer. The writer applies psychological approach to support the study and analysis. This approach captures some theories of psychology to explain the character and the conflicts that reveal the motivation of main character. It is the most suitable approach for this study

because it explores the character’s mind, attitude, and motivation which are

discovered through intrinsic elements in the story.

C. Method of the Study

The method used in this study is library research. This method was used because the work needed to be analyzed independently. This study used the references from related book, articles, journals, and reviews that were provided in the library and internet. The library also provided objective and usually complete data and references from many reliable sources that helped the writer make an objective and research.

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This study had two main sources which were The Host by Stephenie Meyer and other books from library such as An Introduction to Fiction by Robert Stanton, An Introduction to Fiction Eleventh Edition by X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia, Introduction to Psychology Eight Edition by Rita L. Atkinson, Richard C. Atkinson and Enest R. Hilgard; Motivation: Theory and Research by Herbert L. Petri, Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense, Tenth Edition by Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson, Psychology in

Action by Karen Huffman, Mark Vernoy, and Judith Vernoy;and

Understanding Unseen by Murphy.

Moreover, several steps were used to answer the problem formulations. The first step was the reading of The Host novel as the primary data and to obtain a complete understanding of the study. The second step was formulated the topic and the characterization of Wanderer that related to motivation. Then, the writer formulated the problems formulation.

The third step was the writer collected and read books, articles, and journals that supported the thesis. Those sources were related to theory on character and characterization and theory of motivation. The fourth step was the writer chose appropriate approach of the study, which was psychological approach. Some books related to the approach used to analyze and to solve the problem formulations.

The fifth step was to analyze and answer the questions mentioned in the problem formulation. The writer tried to solve the first problem formulation which was the description of Wanderer. The second problem

formulation was the conflicts happened to Wanderer. The third problem formulation was the motivation revealed from the characterization and conflict between other characters. Finally, the last step was made a conclusion. It was important because it presented the point of the analysis and the summary of the problem formulations. It was also contained the findings of the analysis of this study.

21 CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

The Host is a novel written by Stephenie Meyer. This novel tell a

story about the life of Wanderer, an alien or so called ―soul‖ who is inserted

into a teenage girl named Melanie. This novel presents strong motivation of Wanderer to live with human.

This chapter consists of three parts based on the three problems of this study. The first part is the description of major character that has important role in the story and also in analysis, Wanderer. It presents the description of her characterization such as her physical appearance and her character.

The second part shows the conflicts Wanderer and the other characters and circumstances in the novel that influences her characterization to live with human. This part focuses on external conflicts which strongly affect her motivation.

The third part presents Wanderer motivation to live with human based on her characterization and conflicts. This part explains about her motivation

based on Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs.

A. Characterization of Wanderer

In the novel, characters are divided into major and minor characters.

The focus of The Host novel is Wanderer‘s characterization as the major

character. In this study, the writer uses Murphy theories to describe the characterization of Wanderer. The writer only uses personal description,

character as seen by another, speech, and past life (1972: 161-173). Although Wanderer is not human, she has logics and feelings as well as human which

reflect some human‘s characterization that can be analyzed.

1. Brave

Wanderer is an alien or a ―soul‖ that travels to Earth by hibernation tank. She is chosen to be inserted into ―wild-young human‖ named Melanie Stryder. Wanderer originally have a tiny spider-look body, but with thin, silver, feathery antennae. Her body is about three-inches long with a shiny body and three brains.

To describe characterization, Murphy stated that ―the author can

describe the characters in a story through opinion of another character‖ (1972: 162). Wanderer is described as a brave soul by other characters such as a soul named Darren and the university students, who are seeing her insertion process as stated in a quotation below. She is inserted into a girl named

Melanie Stryder in the hope that she will suppres Melanie‘s conciousness to

give information about other humans.

―This soul was specially picked for the assignment,‖ Darren said soothingly. ―She is exceptional among our kind—braver than most. Her lives speak for themselves. I think she would volunteer, if it were

possible to ask her.‖

―She‘s lived on six planets.‖ ―I heard seven.‖

―I heard she‘s never lived two terms as the same host species.‖ ―Is that possible?‖

―She‘s been almost everything. A Flower, a Bear, a Spider—― ―A Sea Weed, a Bat—―

―Even a Dragon!‖

―I don‘t believe it—not seven planets.‖

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From the quotation above, it can be said that Wanderer has outstanding track record because she lives as various organisms in eight different planets. Darren and the students describe that she has no fear wandering in other planets. She has many experiences because she knows how to live as other species such as Flower, a Bear, a Spider, a Sea Weed, and a Bat. Their conversation also shows that she has already faces various difficulties in various situations with various organisms. She travels and does her life journey as individual that make her bravery flourish among her kind. She is chosen because she has bravery that enables her to handle challenging human such as Melanie.

Murphy stated that ―the author present some hints to character

whenever he or she is in conversation with another‖ (1972: 164) and ―how the character reacts to particular situations and events‖ (1972: 168). Wanderer is a

brave soul. It can be seen through her conversation with Jared and her action to cut her arm when Jamie is sick. Wanderer quickly asks Jared to drive her to

the nearest hospital to steal ‗the soul medicines‘ which are very effective and sophisticated to safe Jamie‘s life.

―Quick, give me the knife.‖

―Wanda…I know you love Jamie, but I really don‘t think you could use it. You‘re not a fighter.‖

―Not for them, Jared. I need a wound.‖

He gasped. ―You have wound. That‘s enough!‖

―I need one like Jamie‘s. I don‘t know enough about Healing. I have

to see exactly what to do. I would have done it before, but I wasn‘t

sure I‘d be able to drive.‖ ―No. Not again.‖

Jared thought it through quickly. He was the best, as Jeb had said, because he could see what had to be done and do it fast. I heard the steely sound of the knife coming out of the sheath.

―Be very careful. Not too deep.‖ ―You want to do it?‖

He inhaled sharply. ―No.‖ ―Okay.‖

I took the ugly knife. It had heavy handle and was very sharp; it came to a tapered point at the tip.

I didn‘t let myself think about. I didn‘t want to give myself a chance

to be a coward. (2013: 601-602)

From the conversation above, it can be said that Wanderer is very brave to be able to cut herself in order to safe Jamie. Her reaction shows her bravery

because she pushes herself to make similar wound as Jamie‘s in order to know

the way to heal it. She does not fear the pain and blood from wound she create. She has brave heart to react and does right action in order to save other people, even though it can endanger her. Thus, she bravely stabbed her arm to show Melanie and Jamie that she has no fear to save the people she loved. She has no fear and also has great endurance to face obstacles that steer her from her goal.

2. Strong

Wanderer is a strong soul and her strength can be seen through several conversation and opinions from other characters in the story. As

Murphy stated that ―the author gives some hints to person‘s character seen in

the conversation of other character and their opinion about it‖ (1974: 167).Wanderer is chosen to be inserted into Melanie‘s body because the authorities consider she is strong enough to handle her host body. Her past life

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in many planets makes her ready to face difficulties such as painful memories of her host body to search for other human.

―I‘m afraid it‘s too much for her,‖ one said. The voice was soft but deep, male. ―Too much for anyone.Such violence!‖ The tone spoke of

revulsion.

―She screamed only once,‖ said a higher, reedy female vice, pointing this out with a hint of glee, as if she were winning an argument.

―I know,‖ the man admitted. ―She is very strong. Others have had much trauma, with much less cause.‖

………―She is strong.‖ The woman‘s tone was reassuring now. ―See how well she did with the first memory, the worst memory.

Whatever she expected, she handled this.‖ (2013: 15, 17)

From the quotation above, Wanderer‘s strength can be seen through the

conversation of the two souls. In the quotation, the male voice belongs to Fords, the Healer, who does her insertion process. The female voice belongs to the Seeker, who assigned to gain information from Wanderer to hunt human. According to Fords, Wanderer is able to bear painful and violent

memories of Melanie‘s suicide attempt. He sees that other soul may be traumatized because souls basically never experience such violence before come to Earth. Seeker also seen her only scream once which proves that she has strong mind and capable to solve more difficult memories or problems. She has strength that makes her endure pain, either physically or mentally when she lives in a human body.

Wanderer is a strong soul. She has the full faith when she decided to run away from the Seeker in order to find humans. As Murphy stated, the

author give the reader ―straight information of what a character is thinking

human is not a betrayal. Instead, she bravely decided to do that because she thinks that is a proper decision to make.

This shouldn‘t have felt like a betrayal, the idea of continuing on my right and proper course...It was me, more than I‘d ever intended it to

be....There was really only one thing to do. (2013: 118-119)

The quotation shows how Wanderer thought influenced her to be brave. She knows that runaway from Seeker to find human is the right thing. Since she is

captivated with Melanie‘s memories about human life, she feels compassionate for them as for Melanie‘s and her family. She does that

because she wants to meet Jamie and Jared that she loves, too. She bravely decides and does her decision altough she will be hunted by the Seeker.

3. Persistent

Wanderer‘s persistence is shown through her reactions when she is

dying in the middle of desert to search for human. She and Melanie follow the

memories of deserted routes that given by Jeb, Melanie‘s Uncle. As Murphy

stated that the author give the characterization ―by letting the reader know how the character reacts to particular situations and events‖ (1972: 168). Her persistence can be seen when she tries to move and walk in her last stamina after several days walking and dehydrating. She realizes that her body is in pain, but she keeps continuing her step. She is able to resist the pain and does not complain. She accepts the obstacles with spirit to never give up.

My shadow was a small circle beneath me when I regained control. Painstakingly, I got back on my feet. Tiny sharp rocks were

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stared at the floating mesa mocking me from the west for a long, hot time.

And finally, not really sure what I did, I started walking forward. I knew only this: that it was me who moved and no one else.

My footsteps were a slow crunch across brittle ground. (2013: 148) Wanderer shows her persistence as she keeps continuing to move her body despite feeling her pain. She does not bother to step on rocks and sands in the very hot heat. She moves slowly, but her spirit is still burning. Her persistence keeps her to face the pain and survives. If she can survive to walk, she will find the humans. Although she is tired,she keeps struggling to reach her destination. Her persistence makes her sure that she will meet Jamie and Jared when she arrives.

Wanderer is never giving up even in emergency situation. She shows her persistence when she and Jared accidentally meet two Seekers in the road.

Murphy stated that ―the author can give the characterization by letting the

reader knows how the character reacts to particular situations and events‖ (1972: 168).

―Give me one more try,‖ I begged. I fumbled quickly for the pill in

my pocket. I pinch it between my thumb and forefinger and held it

up.‖ ―Let me try to lie us out of this. I‘ll swallow it right away if

anything goes wrong.‖

―You‘ll never lie your way past a Seeker!‖

―Let me try. Quick!‖ I pulled off my seat belt and crouched back beside, him, unfastening his. ―Switch with me. Fast, before they‘re close enough to see.‖

―Wanda---―

―One try. Hurry!‖ (2013: 649)

From the quotation above, it can be said that Wanda, a nick name for Wanderer; is a persistent soul. She reacts persistently in emergency situation. They are hurried on they way home to Pichacho Peak after raid several stores

in the city. The Seekers who are following their truck makes Wanderer reacts to struggle to defend her life and Jared. They will be caught if Wanderer does not struggle to try to lying to the Seekers. She does not lose faith to try to talk to the Seekers. She knows that if she tries to talk with them, they will believe in her. Her persistence saves her life and Jared so they can go home safely. By saving Jared, he will think that Wanderer is a good soul. Her persistence to try

to talk to the Seekers is only for Jared‘s safety but also for humans in the caves, too. Thus, she saved Jared because she wants to be accepted and loved by human, including him.

4. Smart

Throughout the story, obstacle and hardship happen to Wanderer since she is lives with human. She sees that they live in limitation. They only have few supplies of food, drinks, and medicines. When someone is sick, they are rarely succed to cure people there. Fortunately, she can overcome the problem because she is a smart soul. So, when Jamie is dying because of the infection wound, Wanderer shows that she is a smart soul when she is in the

soul‘s healing facility to steal medicines for Jamie. She knows that soul‘s

medicines are very effective because it is made of high technology beyond what human has. As Murphy stated that the author can describe ―the characterization by letting the reader knows how the character reacts to particular situations and events‖ (1972: 168). The situation makes her reacts smartly to think about how the way to use the medicines is.

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―Healing must be a fulfilling profession.‖ My voice sounded just right. Interested, but not unduly so. ―I haven't been in a Healing facility since insertion. This is very interesting.‖

―Yes, I like it.‖ She started spraying my face. ―What are you doing now?‖

She smiled. I guessed that I was not the first curious soul. ―This is Clean. It will make sure nothing foreign stays in the wound. It kills

off any of the microbes that might infect the wound.‖ ―Clean,‖ I repeated to myself. (2013: 606)

Wanderer is not a Healer or the calling for a soul that assigned to heal, some kind of doctor. She does not know anything about healing, morover how to use the medicines. From the quotation above, it can be said that she is a smart person because she can persuade the Healer to show how to heal and use the medicines. Her smart idea makes her get the knowledge she needed without offend the Healer. Thus, her cleverness enables her to find solution she needs to solve the problem to heal her beloved Jamie. She cannot stand to see him just die so easily while she can find a way to heal him. By learning it, she does not only save lives but also can teach humans how to heal others.

Murphy stated that ―the author can describe the characters in a story

through opinion of another character‖ (1972: 162). Wanderer‘s

characterization can also be seen through Jared‘s opinion.

―She walked right into a hospital, right up to the alien there, and

asked them to treat her injuries, bold as anything. Then, when they

turned their backs, she robbed them blind!‖ Jared made it sound

exciting. Jamie was enjoying it, too; his smile was huge. ―She walked

right out there with medicine enough to last us all for a long time. She

even waved at the bugger behind the counter as she drove away.‖

(2013: 626-627)

From the quotation, Wanderer‘s brilliant idea can be seen through her action

because she is one of them. She tricks other souls by making wound so she can steal the medicines. She uses her cleverness to do it because she wants Melanie, Jamie, and also other human to be healthy and nobody dies because of sickness. She shows her cleverness to show them that she truly cares for them.

5. Caring

Wanderer starts to care about Melanie since she is influenced by her memories about her family and love, especially about Jamie and Jared. She realizes that human is also as good as souls. They have the right to live on Earth because they also have positive behaviours. She then resists giving the information about them to Seeker. She even rejects the Seeker‘s suggestion to remove into another body, so the Seeker cannot insert herself into Melanie‘s

body. She struggles hard by tying to think how to save Melanie‘s life. As

Murphy stated, the author give the reader ―straight information of what a character is thinking about‖ (1972: 171).

If I could find a way, I would keep Melanie out of the Seeker‘s hands.

It would be very hard. No, it would be impossible. I would try.

I promised her this, but she wasn‘t listening. (2013: 105-106)

The quotation shows that she cares about Melanie‘s safety. Since they share

the same body, they become close. They become sort of sister or old friends. Thus, Wanderer does not want bad thing happen to Wanderer. She knows that the Seeker may kill Melanie if she occupies her body. It is very difficult for

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try it because she loves her. She will struggle to save her although it may endanger her own safety.

Murphy stated that the author give the reader ―straight information of

what a character is thinking about (1972: 171)‖. In the novel, Wanderer is

revealed as a caring soul. Her compassion toward human can be seen through her thought when she pushes herself to keep walking in the desert although she is so tired.

It was the urgency, the lure—the thought that Jared and Jamie might be right here, somewhere in this empty place that had made it impossible to resist this senseless plan. (2013: 132)

Although she knows humans may hate her because she is a soul and the Seeker will automatically hunt her, she still decides to find their hiding place. She considers Melanie and humans as her friends. Her love for them especially for Jamie and Jared pushes her to make sure that they are all right. She keeps searching without knowing the exact location of their place because she still hope to meet them.

In the novel, Wanderer is revealed as a caring soul. Her compassion

can be seen ―whenever character speak, in conversation with another or

whenever he or she states opinion (1972: 164)‖. When Jeb decides to let her live in the cave, other humans reject it. Her condition is dangerous because most people in the caves want her to die. She feels uncomfortable because she fears that she will be attacked anytime and anywhere. Thus she refuses the

boy‘s offer to accompany her sleeping in the same room. Her statement, ―No, I don‘t mind. But Jamie, I don‘t think you should‖ (2013: 297); explain that

she cares for Jamie‘s safety more than herself. She cares for him as if Jamie is is her biological little brother. Another statement, ―Because it‘s not safe. Sometimes people come looking for me at night‖ (2013: 298) describes that she tries to make Jamie understand that she may cause him danger and she cares so much about his safety. She does not want Jamie to get hurt while he is with her.

Wanderer cares about Jamie‘s health, too. She tells Jeb ―don‘t upset Jamie for insist on taking the mat and moved him when he was asleep‖ (2013: 305). She can not stand to see the boy sleeping only on the mat. She is worried that Jamie may get sick or hurt. Her caring makes she gladly takes the mat for sleeping. It proves that she also look up for Jamie while Melanie is not capable to care for him physically. It shows that she can be a friend and also a sister for him.

Murphy stated that character is revealed ―whenever characters speak,

in conversation with another or whenever he or she states opinion (1972:

164)‖. Wanderer‘s opinion and conversation with Melanie shows her kindness. Her caring is not only for her friends but also for her enemy.

If I truly did not want her death, would I be able to think a way to save her? Was it my hate that was blocking an answer? Would I be responsible if she died?

But if she dies, and I could have saved her if I’d wanted to…who am I then?

You have to be practical, Wanda. This is a war. Whose side are you on?

You know the answer to that. I do. And that’s who you are, Wanda.

But…but what if I could do both? What if I could save her life and keep everyone here safe at the same time? (2013: 675)

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In this quotation, ―her‖ means a female Seeker that is assigned to catch human and traitor like Wanderer. Instead of succeeding fulfill her assignment, she is captured by human and put in the jail inside the caves. Wanderer‘s heart cannot bear the thought that she will be end in human‘s hand. She cares about her life although she is threatened by her previously It can be seen through her opinion that she cares about both Seeker and people in the caves. She thinks

by telling the humans how to remove soul‘s from the body, the humans also

will be safe from the Seeker. They will not have to worry again to be out of

caves. Thus, she cares about everyone‘s safety so she thinks the solution to safe both lives without hurting or killing one of them. She loves both Seeker and human as her friend.

6. Sincere

Since Wanderer lives with humans, they become friends there. They can get along with her because she shows her sincerity for them although they distrust her in the beginning. Her sincerity can be seen when she accompany Walter, one of her friend, who is dying of bones cancer. As Murphy stated that

the author shows the characterization ―whenever characters speak, in

conversation with another or whenever he or she states opinion‖ (1972: 164).

―Are you leaving?‖ he wheezed. ―Do you have to go so soon?‖ I took his hand again quickly. ―No, I don‘t have to leave.‖

He smiled and closed his eyes again. His fingers locked around mine with brittle strength (2013: 422-423)

From the quotation above, it can be seen that Wanderer sincerely accompanies Walter. She knows that is the only way she can do to ease his pain. Her

sincerity makes her unable to leave him. Thus, her sincere heart urges her to stand beside him. She cannot let Walter suffers alone.

Wanderer‘s tribe is known to be very polite and kind. Her culture

teaches the souls to treat others as positively as possible. This manner continues when she lives with human in the caves who in the beginning hates her. On the contrary, she sincerely helps them to raid.

―Getting tired of shopping yet, Wanda?‖ Ian asked me. ―No. I don‘t mind it.‖

―You always say that. Isn‘t that anything you mind?‖ ―I mind…being away from Jamie.‖ (2013: 635-636)

As Murphy stated that ―the author present some hints to character whenever a person in conversation with another or state opinion‖ (1972: 164). Through the conversation above, it can be said that Wanderer is a sincere soul. She sincerely helps the humans do the shopping. Shopping here means the raid. Humans there have to raid from time to time to fulfill their basic needs such as food, water, clothes, medicine, and household tools. The raid turns into regular shopping since Wanderer join in. She easily gets all their needs in the public store without suspicion, as she goes there to do casual shopping. Her sincerity makes she does her best to make people around her comfortable. Ian, another character that has conversation with Wanderer; is curious why she is so sincere. Her sincerity is exceptional according to him because she often gets bad treatment by the humans. She join the raid although it may endanger her life because the Seekers is always around. Thus, she does helpful things to human, simply because she has sincere heart.

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Wanderer always considers doing sincere things. Her reactions toward critical situation between life and death do not bend her to sincerely help others, including Kyle, a man that wants to kill her. As Murphy stated

that the author ―gives a hint to the characterization by how the character reacts to particular situations and events‖ (1972: 168). Wanderer sincerely helps Kyle to survive from drowning as seen in quotation below.

He‘s going to fall, I realized.

Good, Melanie snarled.

But…!

If he falls, he can’t kill us, Wanda. If he doesn’t fall, he will.

I can‘t just…

Yes, you can. Walk away. Don’t you want to live? I did. I wanted to live.

Kyle could disappear. And if he did, there was a chance that no one would ever hurt me again. At least not among the people here. There was still the Seeker to consider, but maybe she would give up someday, and then I could stay here indefinitely with the humans I

loved….

I stared at the face of the man who was about to die—the man who wanted me dead. With him unconscious, Kyle‘s face was no longer that of an angry animal. It was relaxed, almost peaceful.

Just as I thought that, a large chunk of rock plummeted into the river,

and Kyle‘s precarious balance was overthrown. He began to fall. ―No!‖ I screamed, the siren bursting from my throat again. I flattened myself against the column and managed to pin him to the other side, locking my hands around his wide chest. My arms ached.

―Help me!‖ I shrieked. ―Somebody! Help!‖ (2013: 450-451)

Her reactions shows her that she cannot let him just die. She is a sincere soul

because she manages to help her ―killer‖ with all she can do. She helps Kyle

without fear to accidentally drown. Her reaction help Kyle to be safe not only from drowning but also from falling rocks. Thus, Wanderer understands that by sincerely helping Kyle, she prevents more injuries to his body. She cannot

let him just die although she is hurt by him. Her sincerity is not only for her friends but also for people who hurt her.

Wanderer‘s sincerity is also described when she succeess to get soul‘s medicines to save Jamie from his wound. He can die if Wanderer does not insist to go raid immediately.

I nodded. ―Yes. It's easy for me. I know what they expect.‖ I laughed briefly to myself. ―I'm one of them. If you trusted me, I could

probably get you anything in the world you wanted.‖ I laughed again.

It was just the stress fading, making me giddy. But it was funny to me. Did he realize that I would do exactly that for him? Anything in the world he wanted.

Anything for them, I told her, and then I sighed, because it was so true. (2013: 616)

From the quotation above, it can be said that Wanderer‘s sincerity is reflected

through her opinion and conversation with Jared. As Murphy stated that the author present some hints to character ―whenever a person in conversation with another or state opinion‖ (1972: 164). Wanderer gives her best to do anything that she can do to help human. She will struggle very hard to give what they want. Her sincerity pushes her to help them although they may distrust and hate them. She proves that she truly cares for them by helping them to obtain supplies.

B. The Conflicts of Wanderer

According to An Introduction to Fiction Eleventh Edition, conflict is a main struggles that occur with two or more forces in the story (Gioia, 2010: 717). It means that conflicts happen because of contrast in forces such as needs, drives, and wishes. These contradictions motivate people to do

37

particular action in order to fulfill what they want. This condition also happens to the major character, Wanderer.

Based on the theory by Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson in Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense, Tenth Edition (2009: 104),

generally conflict is defined as ―a clash of actions, ideas, desires, or wills.‖

They categorize conflict into internal conflict and external conflict. Internal

conflict happens if character ―in conflict with some elements in their own nature (conflict of person against himself or herself).‖ External conflict

happens if character ―against some other person or group of persons‖ and if

character against ―external force—physical nature, society or fate.‖

Also, X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia in their book An Introduction to Fiction, Eleventh Edition (2010: 714) define conflict as ―the central struggle

between two or more forces in the story.‖ They added that conflict occurs when ―some person or thing prevents the protagonists from achieving his or her intended goal.‖ How conflict arise can be influenced by ―another

character, external events, preexisting situations, fate, or even some aspect of

the main character‘s own personality.‖

In this study, these theories are applied by the writer to analyze the conflicts of Wanderer. External conflicts here are more conspicuous or catchy in this novel. It has significant influence in motivating Wanderer to defend humanity. The external conflicts are divided into two parts; the conflict between Wanderer and other souls, and the conflicts between Wanderer and other human.

1. Conflicts of Wanderer And the Other Souls

Arp and Johnson stated that one type of external conflicts is ―a clash

of actions, desires, ideas, or wills between a person and other person‖ (2009: 104). Wanderer has a clash of desire with other souls that want to disposes

Melanie‘s body. Usually, a soul will automatically suppress human, so there is only one mind that controls one host body, which occupies by a soul. In Wanderer case, there are two mind in one host body; Wanderer and Melanie. Other souls that live around Wanderer consider the condition soon will harm Wanderer. They are afraid that Melanie will control Wanderer to attack them. They suggest Wanderer to move out into another host body because Melanie is a danger to their community. However, Wanderer has already captivated with her memories about humans and she becomes care for her.

But if you‘re this…unhappy, you should have told me earlier. We need to get you to a Healer.‖

It took me a moment, emotionally distracted as I was, to understand.

―A Healer? You want me to skip?‖

―No one would think it badly of that choice, Wanderer. It‘s

understood, if a host is defective—―(2013: 57)

From the quotation, it can be seen that Wanderer has different desire from Kathy, a soul who is her calling as Comforter. Kathy is terrified when she knows that Melanie still lives in the body. She dislikes Wanderer situation. She suggests Wanderer to consult to a Healer, some kind of doctor; to be moved into another host. In contrast, Wanderer does not want to move from

Melanie‘s body because she is important for her. She resists separation because she considers her as her friend, not just another host. Because she is a caring soul, she can not let Melanie suppresed by the other soul.

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Arp and Johnson stated that one type of external conflicts is ―a clash of actions, desires, ideas, or wills between a person and other person‖ (2009: 104). There are different ideas between Wanderer and the Seeker. Wanderer thinks humans positively. She considers human as good as soul. However, the Seeker thinks that they are dangerous enemy, as stated below.

―The humans?‖

―Yes. Do you pity them?‖ ―Don‘t you?‖

―No. They were quite a brutal race. They were lucky to survive each other as long as they did.‖

―Not every one of them was bad.‖

―It was a predication of their genetics. Brutality was part of their

species. But you pity them, it seems.‖

―It‘s a lot to lose, don‘t you think‖ (2013: 80)

Wanderer assumes that human are deserved to be pitied because they lost the war. Human lost almost all its race because of the inception. Her care for humans makes her able to feel their suffering for separated from their families. Wanderer thinks that not all human are bad because she can feel their

positivity from Melanie‘s memory. Her sincere heart also lead her to have empathy toward human, starts by helping Melanie. On the contrary, the female Seeker thinks human are brutal race because they have it in their species. She argues that human deserve to be eliminated from their own body to prevent them to do violence to each other and their environment. These two different ideas are the cause of conflict. It makes the Seeker hates Wanderer and decides to hunt her and human afterwards.

Since Wanderer cares for human, that means she has different wills

protection from Seeker and other human who wants to kill her. Her love or belongingness needs also fulfilled as human consider her as friend and also part of their community. Last, her need of esteem is also fulfilled when they are appreciate and respect her as important as human. She is no longer seen as an enemy due to the fact that she does the best she can do for them.

Thus, Wanderer’s characters and conflicts influenced her motivation

to live with human. Her strength, bravery, intelligence, persistence, compassion and sincerity affect her behavior to solve her conflicts both with other souls and human. These characters motivate her to fulfill her physiological needs, safety needs, love or belongingness needs, and esteem needs that happen when the conflicts arise. Her needs can be fulfill only when she lives with human.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, Sixth Edition. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1993.

Arp, Thomas R. and Greg Johnson.Perrine’s Literature Structure, Sound, & Sense, Tenth Edition. Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009.

Gioia, Dana and X. J. Kennedy. An Introduction to Fiction Eleventh Edition. New York: Longman, 2010.

Murphy, M. J. Understanding Unseen: An Introduction to English Poetry and The English Novel for Overseas Student. London: George Allen &Unwin Ltd, 1972.

Petri, Herbert L. Motivation: Theory and Research. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1981.

Roberts, Edgar V. and Henry E. Jacobs.Fiction: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall., 1989.

Rohrberger, Mary and Samuel H. Woods, Dr. Reading and Writing about Literature. New York: Random House, Inc. 1971.

Stanton, Robert. An Introduction to Fiction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1965.

Wijayanti, Nurvita. The Influence of Edward and Alice Cullen’s Personality on Bella Swan’s Personality Development on Meyer’s Twillight. Undergraduate Thesis. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University, 2011.

Online References:

Jorgenson, Jane. Library Journal

<http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/thehost.html> (19 May 2013)

Limber, Anna.

<http://bestsellers.about.com/od/fictionreviews/gr/the_host.htm) (3 September 2013>

Malcolm, Mari. <http://amazon.com/The-Host-Novel-Stephenie-Meyer/dp0316068047/> (23 June 2013)

Rai, Emily R. April 2011. Motivation: A Literature Review Research Report. <http://www.pearsonassessments.com/research> ( 5 July2013)

<http://www.amazon.com/TheHostNovelStephenieMeyer/dp/productdescripti on/0316218502/ref=dp_proddesc_0?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books> (14 Augusr 2013)

59 APPENDIX

Appendix: Summary of Wanderer’s Motivaton Seen in Stephenie Meyer’s The Host

The Host tells about Wanderer’s motivation when she lives in Earth. Wanderer is a female alien or a soul that inhabits the body of a girl named Melanie Stryder. Earth is Wanderer's ninth planet, and Melanie is her ninth host body. Upon waking inside her new body, she is shocked not only by the vividness of human emotions, memories, and senses, but quickly learns that Melanie is not willing to give up the entirety of her mind. Melanie is one of few "wild" humans - rebels who have evaded the alien souls that have taken over the Earth. With her younger brother Jamie and the man she loves, Jared Howe, Melanie is on the run from Seekers, souls who hunt down host bodies for use. Souls are creatures that rely upon host bodies to survive. After insertion, they erase any mental presence of the being there prior and establish a claim over the body and mind.

Wanderer is bombarded with memories and her host body's missing for Jared and Jamie, and finds herself motivate to live with the humans and desperate to see if they are still alive. On a road trip to Tucson, Melanie remembers her Uncle Jeb telling her about a secret hiding place he once made. Wanderer sets out to find the place, with a sketch of the path from Melanie's memories. They are found by Jeb, incredibly exhausted and dehydrated.

She is taken back to the caves in which some "wild" humans live, but is treated bad as they believe Wanderer to be a "parasite" in Melanie's body and might hand them to Seeker Kyle O'Shea and many others attempt to kill Wanderer, but are stopped by Jeb. After several weeks of adaptation, she can live with human. She is known as 'Wanda', becomes a part of the routine by working, eating, and becoming an unofficial history teacher after evening meals; some even grow to believe that Melanie is present in her mind as well. During this time Ian and many other humans, such as Wes, Lily, Walter, and Mel's younger brother Jamie, befriend with Wanda. After some time, Kyle tries to kill Wanda by throwing her into a river. He is unsuccessful and is about to fall into the river himself when Wanda saves him. A tribunal is held and it is decided that Kyle is allowed to stay, though many of Wanda's friends are upset about this decision, particularly Ian, who believes that Kyle deserves to die after his plot to kill Wanda. Meanwhile, Ian begins to fall in love with Wanda. After discovering this, she is confused with her own feelings because of the fact that Mel's memories caused her to love Jared, too.

When Jamie returns from a raid with an infected cut on his leg, Wanda and Jared sneak out to a hospital where she goes undercover to steal supplies to bring back to Jamie and the rest. Sive live with humans, they are realize that Wanda can be a raider, because she is trusted by other souls. Following another raid, Wanda decides to reveal her biggest secret: how to remove a soul without killing either the human or the soul, a procedure that Doc had been attempting unsuccessfully. She promises to teach Doc under

two conditions: first, he promises to send the souls to new planets without harming them, and second, he promises to remove Wanda's soul from Melanie's body and bury the soul next to Walter and Wes, because she does not want to be a parasite any longer.

Once Ian is asleep, Wanda sneaks away from him. He is enraged at the idea of Wanda ending her life so that Jared can have his Melanie back. She realizes that she too loves Ian. Later she sneaks away and has Doc remove her from Melanie's body. However, later she awakens in a new body. She is then told that the original owner never established a consciousness in that body, have been taken over at birth, and it is revealed that none of the humans wished for her to leave. The story ends when Melanie, Jared and Ian are on a raid with Wanda. They discover another rebel group who also has a soul among them. This discovery suggests that humanity and Souls together might still have hope for the future.