Motivation Definition of Terms

10 characterization is the way to analyze the character. The key elements such as dialogue, action, and comments are important to the writer as clues to determine the character. Arp and Johnson in their book Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense. Tenth Edition explains that character is complicated description of human being. Analyzing characterization is more difficult than describing plot, for human character is infinitely complex, variable, and ambiguous. Anyone can summarize what a person in a story has done, but a writer needs considerable skill and insight into human beings to describe convincingly who a person is. 2009: 161 They explained that characterization is more complex and varied compared to the plot. The reader can identify the action of the character because every character does different activity. Thus, the complexity of the character is described as a deep portrait of human being. Also, in the book Understanding Unseen by Murphy 1972:161-173 there are several paths to analyze the characterization. He states that character can be seen through personal description, character as seen by another, speech, past life, conversation of other, reactions, direct comment, thought, and mannerism. The first, character can be analyzed through their personal description. The detail about the character’s appearance such as clothes, the face, skin, and eyes are important keys to find the characterization 1972: 161. It provides particular clues related to the character due to the fact that each character has their own appearance. 11 The second, the way to analyze the characterization is through characters description as seen by another 1972: 162. The reader is able to obtain reflection or image of the character through the eyes of another character in the story. The third, characterization can be analyzed through speech1972: 164. The author can give some understanding of the character through what character says. The author present some hints of the characterization whenever a character speaks, whenever a character is in conversation with another character or whenever a character states an opinion. The fourth, the characterization can be analyzed through past life 1972: 166 . The reader can learn something about a character’s past life by a hint given by the author in the story. The past life of the character reflects through direct comment seen in the person’s, thought, conversation, or through the medium of another character. The fifth, the characterization can be analyzed through conversation of other. The character often talks about other characters and it gives some hints to the description of particular character 1972: 167. The sixth, the characterization can be analyzed through reactions. The author can give the reader a hint by presenting the character’s reactions to particular situations and events 1972: 168. The seventh, the characterization can be analyzed through direct comment. The author explains or comments on a person’s character straightly without any medium 1972: 170. Next, the characterization can be analyzed through thoughts. The author give the reader