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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents a rationale for the method of research and analysis. The researcher described the method of research and analysis, outlined the
procedure in gathering and analyzing the data and revealed the boundaries of the research. This chapter divides into six parts: the research method, the research
setting, the research participants, the instruments and the data gathering technique, the data analysis technique, and the research procedure.
A. Research Method
Since this research is aimed to find out the students‟ perception on the use
of group video in speaking practice for the second grade of SMP Negeri 2 Mlati, researcher used quantitative research. According to Creswell 2014, quantitative
research is the process of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and writing the result of the study. Quantitative research emphasizes on collecting and analyzing
information in the form of numbers. The data were collected in a form of quantitative data.
The researcher gathered the data by using survey method. The survey is the most widely used social science data-gathering technique. Neuman 2011
explains survey method as the quantitative research in which the researcher systematically asked a large number of people the same questions and then
recorded their answer.
35 Survey method uses a written questionnaire or formal interview to gather
information on the backgrounds, behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes of a large number of people. Another explanation of survey method is stated by Vaus 2002, survey
method is one method of collecting, organizing and analyzing the relevant data which are collected by a variety of techniques and in many studies it may be
appropriate to use a range of research methods. The researcher presented the data in a quantitative way. In collecting the data, the researcher used questionnaire,
interview, and observation as the tools. The data which were derived from the questionnaires became the main data and the data which were derived from the
interview as the supporting data. The main data collected from the questionnaires were presented in a quantitative way, in a form of numeric information. The
supporting data gathered from the interview and the observation were presented descriptively.
B. Research Setting
The researcher conducted the research in SMP Negeri 2 Mlati which is located in Jl. Perkutut, Sinduadi, Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The researcher chose
second grade students as the research participants. The researcher distributed the questionnaire on May 20, 2015.
C. Research Participants
The participants of this research were second grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Mlati. The total participants were 30 students. Ott and Longnecker 2010
36 explain that to infer validity that the results of a study are applicable to a larger
group than just the participants in the study, researchers must be careful in defining the population to which inferences are sought and design a study in
which the sample has been appropriately selected from the designated population. The larger group to which one hopes to apply the results is called the population.
According to Ott and Longnecker 2010 a population is the set of all measurements of interest to the sample collector. The population of this research
were 63 students in second grade who had experiences in using group video. According to Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun 2012 sampling refers to the
process of selecting the individuals. A sample in a research study is the group in which information is obtained. The total sample of this research were 30 students
in second grade. All of 30 participants were asked to answer the questionnaire. In deciding the participants who would answer the questionnaire, the researcher used
purposive sampling. Fraenkel et al. 2012 explain purposive sampling consists of individuals who have special qualifications of some sort or are deemed
representative on the basis of prior evidence. Cohen, Manion, Morrison 2007 also state that in purposive sampling the researchers build up a sample that is
satisfactory to their specific needs. The qualifications of the respondents related to the researcher‟s needs are the respondents should have experienced in using group
video and the respondents have the same intensity in using the group video. The total respondents were 30 students. The researcher selected 6
students out of 30 students as the sample to be interviewed. Stratified sampling used to decide the participants who would be interviewed in this research.
37 Neuman 2011 explains that stratified sampling is a random sample in which the
researcher identifies a set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories, divides the sampling frame by the categories, and then uses random selection to select
cases from each categories. Therefore, the researcher chose the sample from three strata, higher-achievement, medium-achievement, and lower-achievement. Two
research participants were selected from each strata. Thus, the researcher gathered the supporting data from the result of the interview of two students with
higher-achievement, two students with medium-achievement, and two students with lower-achievement. In order to triangulate the data, the researcher used
observation, questionnaire, and also interview as the research instruments.
D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
As stated before, the researcher used survey method in gathering the data. Neuman 2011 states that surveys have many uses and take may forms such as
interview, internet opinion polls, and questionnaires. In collecting the data that the researcher needed, observation, questionnaire and interview are selected as the
research instruments. The complete information about the three research instruments that the researcher uses will be explained as follows.
1. Observation
Observation is a good way to answer the research questions by observing how people act or how things are look like. According to Spradley 1980,
observation represents a frequently used form of data collection, with the researcher able to assume different roles in the process as cited in Creswell, 2012,
38 p. 212. Moreover, Creswell also states that observation is the process of gathering
open-ended firsthand information by observing people and places at a research site. Observation requires good listening skills and careful attention to visual
detail. Hammersley and Atkinson 1995 state that observation also requires management of issues such as the potential deception by people being observed
and the initial awkwardness of being an outsider without initial personal support in a setting as cited in Creswell, 2012, p. 214.
Observation also has the advantages and also the disadvantages. The advantages of observation are an opportunity to record the information, study the
actual behavior, and study the individuals who have difficulty in verbalizing their idea. Meanwhile, the disadvantages of observation are the researcher may have
difficulty in developing the information, individuals and the researcher will also be limited to those sites, and situations where the researcher can gain access. In
this research, the researcher used participant observation. Based on Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun 2012, researcher actually participates in the situation or
setting which is being observed. The researcher should interact as natural as possible. Participant can be overt or covert. Overt observation means that the
researcher is easily identified and the subjects know that they are being observed. While covert observation means that the researcher disguises the identity and acts
just like other participants. The researcher implemented the covert observation in this research in order to produce more valid observations of what really happens.
It also offers opportunity to see experiences from the views of participants. According to Creswell 2012, there are ten general processes in doing
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