Definition of Perception Perception
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Psychological Factors The psychological factors refer to the influences on selection. Motivation
and personal needs are two factors why people attend to some stimuli and not to others. What people choose to perceive is determined largely by their current level
of satisfaction or deprivation. Students will have positive stimuli and it will also create positive interpretation if they have motivation that by using their group
video students will get a lot of benefits and students have personal needs to practice speaking English. It is clearly showed that motivation and personal needs
influence the stimuli. In this psychological factor there is a subliminal stimulus. A subliminal stimulus occurs below the threshold of people
‟s conscious awareness. Therefore, people sometimes do not realize that the stimuli that they have are
influenced by their own motivations and also satisfactions. The second step in perception is organization. People must organize the
selected incoming information into patterns and principles that will help them to understand the world. Data is organized in four several ways: form, perceptual
constancy, depth, and color. First way is the form. Basic principles of the form are figure and ground, reversible figure, proximity, continuity, closure, contiguity and
similarity. Second, the perceptual constancy allows perception of a stable environment even though actual sensory data may be constantly changing. The
constancy is based on prior experiences and learning. The types of constancy are size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy and brightness constancy. Third
is depth that means the role of experience and learning in the organizations of perceptions is particularly clear. Fourth is color, it is a combination of two theories.
13 They are the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The
trichromatic theory explains about three color systems maximally sensitive to blue, green and red. Those are operated in cones of retina. Opponent-process theory is
also about three color systems but each is sensitive to two opposing colors blue and yellow, red and green. It occurs in optic nerve and thalamus.
The last step in the perception is the interpretation. The interpretation is influenced by early life experiences, perceptual expectancy, cultural factors, needs,
interests and frames of reference. In this step of perception, when people interpret external stimuli and the patterns they form, people are trying to make sense of
their world.