Theoretical Framework REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

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c. Reasons for Code-Switching

There are plenty of reasons why people do code-switching. In finding the right reasons for code-switching in Pulsa tabloid edition 163, the researcher would adapt the theory from Hoffman 1991: 115-116. There are seven reasons that are going to be used in the study. Those are as follows. First, a switch can occur when talking about a particular topic. Second, a switch can occur when someone is quoting somebody else. Third, a switch can occur when someone is being emphatic about something. Fourth, a switch can occur when it is used as an interjection. Fifth, a switch can occur when it uses repetition for clarification. Sixth, a switch can occur when it is used to express group identity and solidarity. Seventh, a switch can occur when it is used to clarify the speech content for the interlocutor.

B. Theoretical Framework

Based on the theoretical description presented previously, there are two major theories related to the research to be elaborated in this section. Those are the types of code-switching and the possible reasons for code-switching. To solve the first research problem, the researcher adopts the theory related to types of code-switching from McCormick 2001: 447 which states that there are five types of code-switching based on the length of juxtaposed elements. However, there are only four types of code-switching that suits the study. For the conversational code-switching type, there are three little parts embedded, namely, phrase, clause and sentence. In conclusion, there are six types of code-switching PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 18 used in the study based on McCormick’s theory 2001. Those six types of code- switching are diglossic code-switching, single-word code-switching, phrase code- switching, clause code-switching, sentence code-switching, and integrated loanwords. Situational code-switching type will not be used in the research because this type of code-switching commonly occurs in conversations. Based on the theory, the situational code-switching is needed to determine who the speakers are and what the topic of the conversation is McCormick, 1994. To solve the second research problem that is the possible reasons for code- switching that is most frequently used by the writers in the feature article of Pulsa tabloid edition 163, the researcher will use seven reasons presented by Hoffman 1991: 115-116. First, a switch can occur when talking about a particular topic. Second, a switch can occur when someone is quoting somebody else. Third, a switch can occur when someone is being emphatic about something. Fourth, a switch can occur when it is used as an interjection. Fifth, a switch can occur when it uses repetition for clarification. Sixth, a switch can occur when it is used to express group identity and solidarity. Seventh, a switch can occur when it is used to clarify the speech content for the interlocutor.

C. Description of