2 B : unang
no ‘no’
In line 1 A offers B a service to climb but it is refused. B’s refusal is understood as dispreferred response to A.
In the previous analysis offers cannot be refused when what offered are goods present in the interaction. Even when the offer is refused, it has to be made accepted by
applying new AP as presented in excerpt 24, line 3 and 4. It is, therefore, offering goods needs preferred response, and offering service requires both preferred and
dispreferred responses. Both prefered an dispreferred responses are done straightforwardly without delay.
4.1.1.5 Invitation-acceptencerejection
There are two kinds of APs in TBL pertaining to invitation- acceptancerejection, they are, one deals with invitation referring to service about
general affairs and one with specific affairs of customary parties. Invitation about general affairs can have expected responses both in preferred and dispreferred as in
excerpt 27 and 28.
Excerpt 27 1 A : ate, namboru marnamboru ma au ate?
ate, nabboru mar nabboru ma au ate ? yes, father’s sister PR father’s sister T I yes?
‘ ok aunt. I call you aunt?
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2 B : e? I petaho e? it ok
‘e? that’s ok’ 3 A : olo do namboru dohot tu Siantar?
olo do nabboru dohot tu Siantar ? want PR father’s sister come to Siantar?
‘ would you come along with us to Siantar?’ 4 B : nandigan?
naddigan ? ‘when’
5 A : annon ‘afterwards’
6 B : aha i? what it?
‘what for?’ 7 A : mardalani hita.
to walk we ‘sightseeing’
8 B : aha, motor mu do i, nyon? what, car your T it, this?
‘ what, is this your car?’ 9 A : olo.
‘yes’ 10 B : alai ingkon sada bangku
alai ikkon sada bangku but must one chair
‘but you should give me a seat 11 asa boi modom.
that can sleep ‘ that I can sleep’
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Excerpt 28 1 A : olo ho mandongani au mangan?
olo ho maddongani au mangan ? want you accompany I eat?
‘would you like to have lunch with me?’ 2 B : naeng lao au.
will go I ‘I have something to do’
3 A : satongkin do. satokkin do
moment PR ‘just a moment’
4 B : ah, ho ma.
ah, you PR ‘you yourself do it’
The invitation practiced in exerpt 27 contains preferred response whereas in excerpt 28, what occurs is a dispreferred response.
Before a preferred response is forthcoming in excerpt 27 there are some sequences precede it, presequence and some sequences of AP. Presequence is a tactic
in conversation to check out the situation before performing some action. Participants routinely inquire about the status of other participants, or the status of certain elements
of the situation prior to making a request, invitation, or other action that attempts to engage someone’s cooperation Nofsinger, 1991: 55. A in line 1 checks out the
situation of B before making an invitation by stating B’s appropriate status so that it is feasible to launch the invitation. By a preceding repair, B’s preferred response signals
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the initiation of A’s invitation, that is, to invite B to come along for a picnic. The presequence which constitues an AP in line 1 and 2 is therefore a pre-invitation.
A’s invitation in line 3 in excerpt 27 is delayed until it gets a preferred response in line 10. Here again there is a series of question-answer APs as constructed in line 4-
5, 6-7, and 8-9, as inserted sequences before coming to the base SPP in line 10. However B’s response as the base SPP in line 10 is preceded by another presequence,
line 8 and 9. When B’s question is answered by A with a preferred response the condition is relevance for B’s response to come as the base SPP for the FPP.
In excerpt 28, A’s invitation in line 1 is rejected by B in line 2. A again made a second invitation in line 3, and B rejects it again in line 4. So line 2 is a response to line
1, and line 4 to line 3. Here there is a problem of adequacy of the base SPP line 2 which makes it possible the next FPP to occur line 3. The base SPP is expanded with
a request in further FPP, and according to Schegloff 1995 it is called a non-minimal post-sequence. Then excerpt 28 actually contains two APs in which the first AP is the
base and the second is post expansion. It is different with inserted sequence in that the AP inserted, and the SPP comes after to be the base. A non-minimal postsequence is
usually an additional turn or a third turn after the base SPP which is not able to close the conversation.
An invitation of the second kind in TBL that refers to one which presupposes specific affairs of customary party tends to have a preferred response, as shown in
excerpt 29.
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Excerpt 29 1 A : ro ho tu pesta nami da?
come you to party our ok? ‘wouild you come to our party?’
2 B : pesta aha? party what?
‘what party’
3 A : muli itokku. muli ito hu
married sister my ‘my sister is going to get married’
4 B : olo, ro pe au. .
yes, come T I ‘I’ll come’
The expected response to A’s invitation is realized as preferred though it is not coming immediately, as preceded by an AP of question-answer. It is not because of the
practice of the repair pairs in line 2 and 3 the base SPP occurs. However, in TBL conversation a preferred response to invitation for a party is commonly followed by
giving an invitation card to the person being invited. Even when invitation card is not given the response would be the preferred regardless of whether or not the invited
person attend the party.
4.1.1.6 Accusation-denial
