turn repair initiator NTRI, as it is the second turn or next turn after the trouble source. In Toba Batak conversation there is an NTRI realised in partial repeat. More than one
NTRIs can occur in Toba Batak conversation. Self-initiated, other repair, refers to the speaker of a trouble source who allows
the recipient to do the repair. The repair is initiated by the speaker in which in the trouble source he does not give a complete information so that makes it possible for the
recipient to complete it. The problematic item can be continuous or discontinuous. Continuous when the speaker turn has been completed, and discontinuous when the
speakers, turn is not completed yet. It has to be completed by the recipient. In other- initiated, other-repair, the recipient, other than initiates he also
resolves the trepair. It is done after the trouble source by the speaker. This kind of repair can also be found in different utterances occuring at the third turn as other repair,
and at the second turn as other initiation. But the second turn is not an NTRI. Because the third turn is not the self-repair. Other-repair can also occur at the fourth turn in
which the initiation is done at the second turn which is not an NTRI.
4.2.2 Negative Cases as New Findings
All the cases in TB conversation which deviate from the theory are considered negative cases as new findings to the research. These new findings are constructed in
the following. 1.
AP of question-answer in TB conversation is not a basic component in selecting the next speaker.
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2. Noticeably absent, other than showing a device to make a repair, it is used to
show AP of greeting-greeting. 3.
AP of question-answer shows greeting-greeting when the answer to the question is not informative.
4. AP of greeting-greeting, horas-horas is unique and typical as it is a basic
component and able to perform as congratulation-response, leavetaking- leavetaking.
5. AP of summon-answer shows greeting-greeting since the summon is not
responded by an answer. 6.
APs of question-answer, greeting-greeting, and summon-answer are related. 7.
Post offer occurs in TB conversation. 8.
APs of offer and invitation are related. 9.
The AP of accusation has a denial response in SPP as preferred. 10.
AP of compliment in TB conversation has a downgrading response in SPP. 11.
AP of complaint has a denial response in SPP as preferred. It is formulated in disafiliation.
12. APs of accusation, compliment, and complaint are related.
13. The first rule of turn-taking CSSN is not always applicable in TB
conversation. 14.
Long silence occurs in lapse. 15.
Instituional talk is primary over ordinary talk.
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How the adjacency pairs operate can be seen in the following chart. Chart 1. Q-A
a.
FPP SPP
Q A
Q A
b.
FPP SPP
G G
Q UA
Note: FPP = First Pair Part, SPP = Second pair Part, Q = Question, A = Answer, G = Greeting, UA = Unrequired Answer
Chart 2. G-G a.
FPP SPP
G G
G RG
b.
FPP SPP
SPP SPP
G Q
1 2
2 1
G G
RA RG
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c.
FPP SPP
G G
G RGQ
Note: FPP = First Pair Part, SPP = Second pair Part, G = Greeting, RA = Required Answer, RG = Response to Greeting
Chart 3. S-A a.
FPP SPP
S A
S RA
b.
FPP SPP
G G
UA S
Note:
FPP = First Pair Part, SPP = Second pair Part, G = Greeting, RA = Required Answer, RG = Response to Greeting, S = Summon, UA = Unrequired Answer
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Chart 4 : Offer-AcRj a.
FPP SPP
ACCRR
GOODS O
FPP SPP
FPP SPP
RjUR 1
1 2
2 O
2
ACCRR O
1
b.
c.
FPP SPP
O R
j=RR
d.
FPP SPP
ACC Rj
SERVICE
O
Note: FPP = First Pair Part, SPP = Second pair Part, ACC = Acceptance, Rj = Rejection, O = Offer, RR = Required Response, UR = Unrequired Response
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AP Structure of Iinvitation-AcceptanceRejection Chart 5 : Invitation-AccRj
a.
FPP SPP
ACC
CUSTOMARY AFFAIRS
I
b.
FPP INSERTED
AP I
PS SPP
ACC
c.
FPP SPP
ACC Rj
GENERAL AFFAIRS
I
Note: FPP = First Pair Part, SPP = Second pair Part, ACC = Acceptance, Rj = Rejection, I = Invitation, PS = Post Sequence
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Chart 6 : Ac-D a.
FPP SPP
D Ac
FPP SPP
D Ac
CTS
ASS
b.
Note: FPP = First Pair Part, SPP = Second pair Part, Ac = Accusation, D = Denial, CTS = Closing Third Sequence, ASS = Assessment
AP Structure of Compliment-Rejection Chart 7 : Cpm-Rj
a.
FPP SPP
RjDilution Cpm
FPP SPP
FPP SPP
CPM RjDilution
1 1
2 2
Q A
b.
Note: FPP = First Pair Part, SPP = Second pair Part, A = Answer, Rj = Rejection, Q = Question, Cpm = Complement,
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AP Structure of Cpn-Rj Chart 8 : Cpn-Rj
a.
FPP SPP
RjDispreferred Cpn
DIRECT
FPP SPP
RjDispreferre Cpn
INDIRECT
b.
d
FPP SPP
RjPreferred Cpn
INDIRECT
c.
Note: FPP = First Pair Part, SPP = Second pair Part, Rj = Rejection, Cpn = Complaint
4.3 Discussion
