immediately answered by B. There are two seconds pause before A initiates a repair to which it is responded by B with just a joking answer, in other words, the information
that A asked how many fish B has got in his fishing was not given. This next-turn proof procedure determines that the first pair part of A’s turn is not always
informative, as shown in picture 3.
Picture 3. A conversation at a fishing pool
C A
B
In this case, for the TBL context, such adjacency pair of question-answer is considered as greeting-greeting which can be further discussed in the following.
4.1.1.2 Greeting-greeting
The most common sequence of greeting-greeting in TBL is horas-horas which is practised in various context. The basic meaning of horas can be; strong, tough,
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healthy, encouraged, safe. The first pair part is usually uttered more prominently than the second pair part, and the greeting in this form is not delayed in the respond that the
occurance is considered natural. The sequence horas-horas embodies all the context where it occurs. When it is passed in the morning, it can mean ‘good morning’, when it
is passed in the afternoon, it can be ‘good afternoon’, and so on, as seen in the following.
Excerpt 4 1 A : horas bapa
happy father ‘good morning sir’
2 B : horas happy
‘good morning’
Excerpt 5 1. A : horas lae
happy brother-in-law ‘good afternoon friend
2 B : bah horas lae. PR happy brother-in-law
‘good afternoon friend’
The response to greeting performed by B in excerpt 4 and 5 come immediately without any gap between utterances. In other words, B responds directly without any
pause in performing his action. There are other sequences where the second pair part
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are realized in other forms. These sequences actually do not enact the greeting function only but reestablish the social relation by using term of address, as reflected in excerpt
6, and to develop the expanded adjacency pair in inserted sequence as seen in excerpt 7.
Excerpt 6 1 A : horas eda
happy sister-in-law ‘good morning friend’
2 B : bah, ho doi? PR you that?
‘ is that you?’
Excerpt 7 1 A : horas
happy ‘ good day’
2 B : ai sian dia hamu salelengon? ai siad dia hamu saleleng on ?
PR from where you a long this? ‘where have you been?’
3. A : bah namangaranto do au bah sian bah namangaratto do au bah sian
PR to wander about T I PR from ‘I have wandered about from
4 Jakarta bah
Jakarta PR ‘Jakarta’
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5 B : bah tu jabu majo hita PR to house just we
‘let’s come to my house’
In excerpt 6, B’s respond to A’s greeting is not realized in horas, but in other form; bah ho doi? This respond is passed to reconfirm the social relation which is
marked by the address term, ho ‘you’, other than the greeting itself. In excerpt 7 too, the response is not coming in horas, but in question, where B asks A’s existence before.
Here B’s response is an inserted sequence which consitutes a question considered as the first pair part 2 which is adjacent to A’s next answer as the second pair part 2.
Although the utterances in lines 1 and 5 are not adjacent, the talk in lines 2, 3, and 4 displays an orientation to the conditional relavance of the second pair part 1. The
initiation of the inserted sequences can be meant here to postpone the base SPP in order for the prospective recipient of the base FPP to be able to address problems before any
next SPP can be launched. So an inserted sequence here is a place where recipient makes clarification. The inserted sequence is as a matter of fact another adjacency pair
of question-answer. In excerpt 7, there is no a communication problem so that the base SPP is defered, but as has been explained, it would be more appropriate before the
initiation of the next SPP. Adjacency pair of greeting-greeting as in the case above excerpt 6 and 7, the
former realized in two turns and the latter in four turns, leads to different interactional meaning. The one without inserted sequence is commonly done for phatic communion.
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The next interaction may or may not be continued. Whereas the one with inserted sequence seems to be continued and it functions as opening a conversation.
The next adjacency pair of greeting-greeting in TBL is realized out of the format horas-horas, but in other forms. As has been stated before, one of the question-
answer pairs consitutes a quasi-question-answer, that is, the question in FPP is not given the answer by SPP, so the question is not informative. The SPP is merely treated
as response to greeting excerpt 2. Other pairs of this kind can be seen in the following excerpts.
Excerpt 8 1 A : nga boha?
Past how? ‘ how are you?’
2 B : ba ho do i? PR you T that?
‘ is that you?’
Excerpt 9 1 A : ai sai hira na massubasuba ho
PR keep like T to try you ‘it seems that you are going to’
2 B : massubasuba do ho nuaeng hu bereng to try T you now I see
‘you are going to it seems’
Greeting in excerpt 8 above is passed through question-question. However, the pair is still categorized as quasi-question-answer because the FPP does not need to have
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an informative answer, so is the SPP, it is an answer or respond to the greeting passed by A, and though it is in question, it is not necessarily answered by A.
A in excerpt 9 is a woman of forty who passed the greeting to B, a man of twenty works as a bus conductor. A’s utterance is commonly a pre-sequence to
anticipate one’s treat so that he who does it can defer his plan for doing something bad. So the utterance implies a caution not to bother as if it was done there would be a high
risk. In the context above, the utterance of A FPP is not a pre-sequence, it is a greeting because the answer in SPP does not follow the expected respond of FPP. Such
phenomena has been identified in question-answer treated as greeting. In responding A’s greeting, B repeats some parts of FPP in terms of joking for greeting.
In TBL greeting can be realized in summon-answer pair, as exemplified in excerpt 10 below.
Excerpt 10 1. A : oi
‘ oi’
2 B : bah beta PR come
‘come on’
In the conversation A greets B by calling, and the summon is not done by using B,s name. B’s answer is asking A to go in which it is not responded further by A. So
B’s answer is just a respond to A’s greeting.
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As has been discussed that greeting operated in opening a conversation, it can also operate in closing a conversation as well as passed in the middle of a conversation.
Excerpt 11 1 A : ido, pas do i. songon si Hutauruk on makan?
yes, true T it. like T Hutauruk this isn’t it? ‘yes, that is true. like mr. hutauruk, isn’t it?’
2 B : ate Hutauruk, bah, boa do, horas ba, ai dia do? yes hutauruk, PR. how T. happy PR, PR where T?
‘isn’t it hutauruk, what about, good morning, what about?’ 3 C : horas
happy ‘good morning’
4 B : e? e
‘what?’
There is an inserted AP of greeting-greeting in excerpt 11. Horas in the case above is not just used for greeting though in passing his greeting B is responded by C
in the form of horas, but it also functions as improving the conversation in at least C joins as one of the participants. However, in B’s utterance, two other interactional
devices occur simultaneously with horas; boado and ai diado, each of which is used as to show greeting. The two forms that one precedes and another follows horas, are used
as emphasizing the intimacy among the speakers. In this case C besides responding the greeting of B, he is ready to take part in the conversation. B, besides greeting, he
involved C to take part in the conversation.
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4.1.1.3 Summons-Answer
