c If the turn so far is constructed as not to involve the use of a ‘current speaker selects next’ technique, then current speaker may, but need not continue, unless
another self selects. 2 If, at the initial transition-relevance place of an initial turn-construction unit, neither
1a nor 1b has operated, and, following the provision of 1c, current speaker has continued, then the rule-set a-c reapplies at the next transition-relevance place, and
recursively at each next transition-relevance place, until transfer is effective. Rules 1a, 1b, and 1c are to be used in this analysis as they are the operational
rules applied in conversation. It can be summarized that rule 1a deals with the ‘current speaker selects next’ CSSN, rule 1b refers to ‘self select’ SS, and rule 1c with the
‘speaker’ continuation’ SC. The followings talk about the three rule in Toba Batak conversation.
4.1.2.2.1 Current Speaker Selects Next
The previous discussion of adjacency pairs suggests one of the primary ways in which the current speaker selects next CSSN hereafter can be accomplished. The
current speaker directs the first pair part of AP to other participant. The identity of this other person can be indicated by the current speaker in various ways, like eye-contact,
using personal names, and so on. This is done during the current practice of interaction, in which at the first TRP the person who has been selected by the current sspeaker has
a right to speak. For an illustration the data from AP section can be referred, as shown in excerpt 3. A directs her question to B by saying: Jai adong do dalan tu gijjang on?,
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asking if there is a way up. B, as being selected, responds by saying: Adong dikkan ai. Boi dope motor mardalan tu gijjang, answering the question that there is a way up
there, and even cars can go up. As there are only two participants in the conversation, the other person to whom
the question is directed has the only next turn. A conversation does not consist only two persons, it can be more than two. CSSN can occur in multy parties conversation. In
effect CSSN has priority over the other methods as it is employed before the TRP, and when it has been used no other participant may be selected as next speaker. In Toba
Batak conversation CSSN has a constrain that the speaker selected is not always the next speaker but it is taken by other. The speaker other than one who is selected may
preempt the turn. As an illustration the following excerpt can be seen.
Excerpt 46 1
A : jai na mabbuat pensiun do 1.3 inang . 2
B : taida ma. 3
manang aha do dohonona , sohuboto. 4
A : i do ate . tabo do hamu ate? 5
2.2 6
B : di dia ma tabona. 7
A : tabo mada . nga matua, ro hepeng 8
C : tabo do 9
: immuma 10
A : ni markalung muse , bagak kalungnga. 11
B : a, obat doi . 12
A : ima attong. na adong do horoha 13 mangirim tu hamu ate.
14 B : aha ? 15 C : he he
16 A : obati 17 B : adong pahopukki
18 A : ima ate tabo nai nei
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19 B : ai godang horuk-horukku 20 A : mar henpon
21 museni,horukkorung,ipahorukkorung henp. 22 B : ai marbuluk-buluk do.
23 A : anggo ho memang,1.6 aha nama on, 24 B : [ nei lao mabbuat balu,
25 C [ngai sokkik sude 26 B : lao mabbuat baluang.
27 A : moderen nama on.
Exerpt 46 English equivalent
1 A : so you want to take your pension 1.3 madam.
2 B : let’s see.
3 what they will inform. I don’t know.
4 A : yes it is. you are lucky, aren’t you ?
5 2.2
6 B : what is lucky.
7 A : you are lucky. You are old but gets money
8 C : [ you are
9 lucky, tell her.
10 A : you also have a necklace, a nice necklace.
11 B : ah, that is medicine.
12 A : yes it is. there is one sending ?
13 sending you, isn’t it ?
14 B: what
15 C : [[ he.. he..
16 A : [[ that’s medicine.
17 B : yes my grandson.
18 A : yes. that is very lucky of you.
19 B : I have many necklaces.
20 A : [ you have handphone.
21 too, necklace, handphone made as necklace.
22 B : that’s like piles.
23 A : that you are. 1.6 something called..
24 B : [ going to take wall..
25 C : [ they press all here.
26 B : going to take wallet.
27 A : something called modern.
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In the data segment above, B line 14 directs her question to A line 16 by using CSSN technique Picture 9 below can be referred
Picture 9. A conversation about pension
A C
B
The conversation consists of a series of AP between A and B eventhough there are more than two participants take part. In her turn, C line 15 preempts before A
takes her turn. As what AP characterizes as adjacent, if FPP is launched then SPP is realized. If SPP does not come it is noticeably absent, meaning that the absence of SPP
is accountable, and this leads to a repair work. So by preempting the turn C is considered violating the turn-taking etiquette. As a matter of fact, if B’s question is not
directed to A it is no longer CSSN, as the participants in the conversation are free to take their turn.
The second example of CSSN can be seen in the previous data segment, excerpt 41. A line 6, directs her question: Tugu dia? to B line 8, but C line 7 preempts the
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turn. B has done prior CSSN by directing his statement to A by using address term oppung, and successively they ask and answer each other in the form of APs.
The third CSSN is shown in the previous data segment, excerpt 44. The current speaker, B line 6 selects D as the next speaker, but A line 7 has become the next
speaker. Excerpt 44 can be reconstructed in a more completed utterances below. 1
A : marsiajar dope horoa na i motoran. 2
B : e? mahua ? 3
A : marsiajar. 4
B : ise ? 5
A : namabboan motoran. 6
B : oh. 7.9 sian on do halakon nakkinin. 7
A : e = 8
B : = na modom di jabu ni bapa. 9
C : ise sian on ? 10
B : e. kedakkon. 11
D : ai iseon? 12
C : ise on? 13
B : kedanni siaha. si, si Edu.
B line 8 again selects D as the next speaker but C line9 preempts the turn who applies again CSSN by selecting B as the next speaker. When D was selected as
the next speaker, actually there was a repair in case of his absence for speaker being selected, but C line 12 again preempts the turn. So CSSN does not always allow the
selected speaker to display his turn. From the analysis of rule 1a, that is, CSSN, is not fully applied in Toba Batak conversation. There are such competition of taking turn
that leads to the violation of turn etiquett. However, in adjacency pairs CSSN does not have any constrain except if the speaker so selected to take the next turn delays his
turn in terms of speaking problem.
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4.1.2.2.2 Self-select
