11 B : i.
12 A : oh nion hape aha ni Janji i.
13 B : i Janji i.
A line 1 does not apply CSSN, his statement is not directed to a particular participant. At the end of A’s turn, B line 4 self-selects. He can project the increment
of A’s turn, by filling in the slot of the missing word. So B here not only projects TRP but also makes allignment to A. At the end of TCU line 3; Dakkana songon ahai dope
tibbona, the word in parenthesis that should have been included by A in his utterance after dope, is completed by B in self-select turn. Then A line 5, 6, and 12 , B line 7,
8, and 9, 11, and 13, and C line 10 at the next turns make self-select. So who gets to speak is determined by who self-selects, when and how quickly they do it. This can
give a place for participants to compete to get the first turn because the first starter would be the next speaker. A in line 5 takes a quick self-selecting at the end of B’s turn
in line 4, which is shown by a latched utterance beteween them, symbolized by equal sign in the data.
4.1.2.2.3 Speaker Continuation
Rule 1c is applied when neither of the two methods, CSSN and SS, are used to determine the next speaker. If the current speaker does not select next, and if no
participants self select, then at transition relevance place, the current speaker may continue. This is an indicator that a single participant may have an extended turn
especially if listeners do not notice time as important device to make the turns go smooth. Once SS listeners are late in displaying their turns, the current speaker
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continues to speak and extending his turn. So the existence of the speaker continues option is the reason for listeners to self-select quickly. In Toba Batak conversation
speaker continuation technique can occur after a rather long silence. Here the current speaker does not select the next speaker and continues to speak after a long waiting for
others to have self-select. Before the end of the current speaker completion another participant begins his turn eventhough he is not selected as the next speaker, as the
speaker continuation is directed to a certain participant. This can be shown in the following data.
Excerpt 47
1 A : baru tu lurah ate . he..he..
2 B : Gakin do pangidoanmu, adong mai.
3 3.6 he. .he. . ate tappu ?
4 A : ao,aot do tabo ni parpunguani ate lae,ate,e ?
5 B : boa do roham?
6 C : ba dos rohatta.
7 B : e ?
8 C : ba dos rohatta , nikku .
9 2.3
10 B : ai katua dope ho hubege
11 C : e .
12 B : katua dope ninna.
Exerpt 47 English equivalent
1 A : then to village chief, ok ? he.. he..
2 B : do you want Gakin ? they have it.
3 3.6 he.. he.. is that right Tappu ?
4 A : that’s the goodness of group, isn’t it ?
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5 B : what about you ?
6 C : it depends on us.
7 B : e ?
8 B : it depends on us. I said.
9 2.3
10 B : I heard you are still the leader.
11 C : yes.
12 B : they said leader.
B line 2 starts his turn by saying; Gakin do pangidoanmu, adong mai. He does not direct his statement to particular participant, and at the TRP, after the word, mai,
there is no a self-select from the participants. So the current speaker continues after a silence of 3.6 seconds line 3 by selecting next speaker; He.. he..ate Tappu? The next
speaker selected does not come, it is again, B line 5 takes the next turn by using CSSN before it is continued by C line 6. Here, A’s turn line 4 is considered
interruption. It can be further referred to picture 10 below.
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Picture 10. A conversation about poor-family
B
C A
The second speaker continuation is shown in excerpt 44 which can be reconstructed below.
1 A : marsiajar dope horoa na i motoran .
2 B : [e? mahua?
3 A : marsiajar. 4 B : ise ?
5 A : namabboan motoran. 6 B : oh. 7.9 sian on do halakon nakkinin.
7 A : e = 8 B : = na modom di jabu ni bapa.
9 C : ise sian on ?
10 B : e. kedakkon.
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B line 6 does not use CSSN as his statement continuer is directed to the entire group. After uttering this continuer, Oh, B kept silence but there was no participant
who self-selects. The current speaker, B, continues to speak after a long silence, 7.9 seconds. Suppose that A line 7 did a self-select before the current speaker continues
speaking, there would be a misunderstanding between them, as B’s Oh in line 6 results from the prior talk line 5 that signals the agreement about what the prior talk means.
Whereas A in line 7 shows agreement about what B’s continuation after the long silence. A’s agreement by using continuer E, allows B to continue his turn as indicated
by the latched shown by equal sign by which he completes the information prior to A’s turn displaying continuation.
A turn with multi units that conforms to rule 1c occurs in Toba Batak conversation. It is indicated by TRP that occurs at the end of line 1 excerpt 45, as
reconstructed below. The data is not fully presented. 1
A : dison nuaeng , tommat ni halak tulang. 2 tulang si aha , tulang anak si Edison.
3 dakkana songon ahai dope. 4 B : tibbona.
When TRP is indicated at the end of line 1, it allows line 2-3 an instance of current speaker continues. On the tape recording, A does not rush on through his turn that gives
an empty space for TRP. As A does not select the next speaker, and no other participant does a self-select, the current speaker continues line2, and the same speaker
continuation occurs line 3. Thus we find an extended turn of A which consists of more than one TCUs, realized in line 2-3.
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So the very nature of every day conversation of Toba Batak derives in large part from the turn-taking system. Its most noticeably characteristics are very close to the
ways in which turns are constructed and the ways how turns are allocated by using the three rules.
4.1.2.3 Silence
