4.1.1.4 Offer-acceptancerefusal
AP of offer-acceptancerefusal in TBL as entititled above usually refers to mangalean give and manjalo take. To offer is considered as to give and to accept is
considered as to take. When offer is practised in Toba Batak conversation, the common response is acceptance. Excerpt 22 and 23 contain acceptance responses
which are categorized as preferred responses. Preferred response refers to structurally preferred second act. Refusal is a dispreferred act. The tendency of preference in TBL
emphasizes the most in preferred than in dispreferred. This can be analyzed in the following to excerpts.
Excerpt 22 1 A : pangan hamu ito
eat you sister ‘eat it miss’
2 B : olo ito. yes sister
‘yes miss’ Excerpt 23
1 A : nyon baju di ho this shirt for you
‘take this shirt for you’ 2 B : mauliate namboru.
mauliate nabboru thank you father’s sister
‘thank you, aunt’
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The SPP in both excerpts above deal with preferred acts conveyed straightforwardly and simply. Dispreferred act can actually be found in TBL. When this
occurs there would be an objection from the other side, from one who offers or from others who listen to the conversation. This can be seen in excerpt 24.
Excerpt 24 1 A : na burju-burju ho da
this kind you okay? ‘here you are be kind’
2 B : ah, dang pola namboru. ah, dak pola nabboru
ah, no just father’s sister ‘ah, no thanks madam’
3 A : na ma dang boi songon i this T not can like it
‘take it you cannot refuse it. 4 B : mauliate namboru.
mauliate nabboru thank father’s sister
‘thank you madam .
A in the above conversation is an aunt who visited her nephew, B. When she was going to leave she offered her nephew some money. But the aunt’s offer was
refused by the nephew. However, A again made a second offer by which she added her utterance by inserting an advice- dang boi songoni, to show that the act of refusing by
B cannot be practiced anyway. From this it is undestood that an offer can be inserted as a response to a refuse, in which the preferred has been delayed in the first SPP in
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line 2, and this leads to an acceptance realized in the second SPP in line 4. It should also be noted here that the FPP enacts more than one SPP implementing different acts,
the act of refusal and acceptance. Excerpt 24, as a matter of fact, consists of 3 coherent APs, line 1 and line 2 as
the first AP and line 3 and 4 as the second AP. The third AP consists of line 1 and 4. So the second AP is an expansion one. It can be said that it is a post AP in condition that
line 3 be the FPP for the SPP in line 4. Line 2 and 3 are not treated as inserted expansion sequence. As line 2 is not adjacent to line 3. Line 3 occurs as a consequence
of line 2. The third AP, line 1 and 4 is the original AP. The former is the base FPP and the latter is the base SPP.
Line 2 is a post-first post-FPP and line 3 is a pre-second pre-SPP. Post-first sequence deals with a sequence that initiates a repair. So it is an initiated repair-type
sequence. Being an initiated repair-type sequence it sets backward to clarify the FPP, as also exemplified in excerpt 7. The pre-second is a sequence that is made to be
preliminary to some particular types of SPP. Unlike post-first, pre-second looks forward to SPP as resource for implementing the delayed first SPP. Line 2 and 3 in
excerpt 24 are inserted sequences of pre-second that result in the implementation of the expected or preferred SPP line 4.
In TBL there is a context in which the goods offered in the conversation was not forth coming or seen. This occurred when a host offered his or her guests to drink
at the time when the guests were about to go home. Excerpt 25 illustrates such kind of an offer.
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Excerpt 25 1 A : jolo minum hamu
ahead drink you ‘please have a drink first
2 B : ah, dang pola. ah, dak pola
ah, not just ‘no, thanks’
The above AP was practised to close a conversation as it happened at the very end of turns. However, B’s refusal may count as a preferred second, because an
acceptance to A’s offer would disrupt or breach the conversation. How do the dispreferred response become preferred expected response? In conversation
participants depend on the immediately prior utterance to help each other make sense of the current one and at the same time the current utterance is used to interprete the
prior one. For the case above, the prior utterance was that B wanted to finish the interaction and did a leave-taking by saying: Toe mada, mulak jo au ‘Ok, see you’.
This prior utterance becomes a presequence for a new AP in which A in offering B to drink is just showing a respected response for not to lose face, and B made a go-ahead
response refusing the offer as to do the same. There is an AP in TBL contaning a real refusal in SPP, as in excerpt 26.
Excerpt 26 1 A : au ma manjangkit
au ma majjakkit I T to climb
‘let me climb
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2 B : unang
no ‘no’
In line 1 A offers B a service to climb but it is refused. B’s refusal is understood as dispreferred response to A.
In the previous analysis offers cannot be refused when what offered are goods present in the interaction. Even when the offer is refused, it has to be made accepted by
applying new AP as presented in excerpt 24, line 3 and 4. It is, therefore, offering goods needs preferred response, and offering service requires both preferred and
dispreferred responses. Both prefered an dispreferred responses are done straightforwardly without delay.
4.1.1.5 Invitation-acceptencerejection
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