Findings 1. Description of Types of Address Terms Used in Novel of Umar Kayam’s

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CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

A. Findings 1. Description of Types of Address Terms Used in Novel of Umar Kayam’s

Para Priyayi The translator applies some types of address terms. He translates address terms into target text by considering age, sex, social status, the relationship between the participants, and culture. There are differences between English and Indonesian address terms. Moreover, the researcher analyzes of address terms based on Braun 1998: 12. Then, the researcher classified the data into four types, namely pronouns of address, names, kinship terms, and titles. Below, the table shows the types of address terms, frequency, and percentage. Table 5. The Frequency and the Percentage of the Types of Address Terms Types of Address Terms Source Text Target Text Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Pronouns of address 11 10.78 17 16.67 Kinship Terms 39 38.23 30 29.41 Titles 25 24.50 28 27.45 Names 27 26.47 27 26.47 Total 102 100 102 100 Based on the table 5, it can be seen that out of 102 data. The higher rank types of address terms on source text are kinship terms, they occur 39 times and their percentage is 38.23. The second rank is names. They occur 27 times, their percentage is 26.47. The third rank is titles. They occur 25 times; with the percentage is 24.50. The last is pronouns of address; the number of frequency is 11. Then, the number of percentage is 10.78. Meanwhile, the higher rank types of address terms on target text arekinship terms. They occur 30 times out of the total 102 data, their percentages are 29.41. The second is titles. They occur 28 times, and their percentage is 27.45. The third rank is names. They occur 27 times with the percentage 26.47. The last rank is pronouns of address with the percentage of 16.67. They occur 17 times on the data. In addition, the higher rank types of address terms shows that the types most often used by the participants on the novels. In contrast, the lowest rank of types of address terms that this types seldom used by the participants. These novels mostly use the higher rank of types of address terms to address other participants.

2. Description of the Translation Techniques Used to Translate the Address

Terms in JanaveseGentry In this research, the researcher uses the techniques of translation by Molina and Albir 2002:509. There are 18 types, adaptation, amplification, borrowing, calque, compensation, description, discursive creation, established equivalent, generalization, linguistic amplification, linguistic compression, literal translation, modulation, particularization, reduction, substitution, and transposition. Meanwhile, the researcher decides to classification into four types, namely borrowing, generalization, literal translation, and modulation. The four types are most dominant in the target novel. The table below shows the number of frequency and the percentage of four techniques of translation by Molina and Albir 2002:509. Table 6. The Frequency and the Percentage of Techniques of Translation Techniques of Translation Frequency Percentage Borrowing 60 58.82 Generalization 10 9.80 Literal Translation 22 21.56 Modulation 10 9.80 Total 102 100 Based on table 6, it can be seen that the translator mostly used borrowing technique. It is said, the percentage of borrowing is 58.82. The second technique that is mostly used by translator is literal translation since its percentage number is 21.56. The third technique is generalization and modulation with the percentage 9.80. In these novels, the translator mostly translates target text with borrowing technique.Meanwhile, the novel tells about the Javanese life and the translator maintains sense of meaning and culture of the novels.

3. Description of the Meaning Equivalence of the Translation of Address

Terms In this research, the researcher uses Bell’s theory about meaning equivalence. Bell 1991:6 stated that meaning equivalence is divided into two kinds, equivalence fully equivalent and partly equivalent and non-equivalencedifferent meaning and no meaning. The table below shows the number of frequency and percentage of meaning equivalence. Table 8. The Frequency and the Percentage of Meaning Equivalence Meaning Equivalence Frequency Percentage Equivalence Fully Equivalent 46 45.09 Partly Equivalent 16 15.68 Non Equivalence Different Meaning 6 5.88 No Meaning 34 33.33 Total 102 100 From the table 8, the researcher found 102 data it can be seen that the higher rank of meaning equivalence is fully equivalent. Its percentage is 45.09. It is followed by no meaning with the percentage of33.33. The lowest rank is different meaning; its percentage is 5.88.

B. Discussion